小学英语语法-一般现在时详细讲解

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Thesimplepresenttense一般现在时我的功能1.表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态Iwashthedisheseveryday.Yousometimestakeabushome.Theyusuallyhavelunchat11:30.Healwaysgetsupearly.Sheisoftenlateforschool.2.表示表示客观事实Youare13.Heisastudent.YoustudyatOlympicGardenMiddleSchool.always(总是)usually(通常)often(经常)sometimes(有时)hardly(几乎不)rarely(很少)never(从不)everyday(每天)everyyear(每年)allthetime(所有时间)onMonday(在星期一)inJanuary(在某月)3.表示永恒不变的真理;Themoongoesroundtheearth.一.be动词的一般现在时1.be动词:主语+be+其它如:Iamaboy.我是一个男孩。Heisaboy.他是一个男孩。{amis(单三)are肯定句:主语+be+其它如:Heisaworker.Youarethirteen.否定句:主语+be+not+其它如:Heisnotaworker.Youaren’tthirteen.一般疑问句:Be+主语+其它?如:Isheaworker?Yes,heis./No,heisn’t.Areyouthirteen?Yes,Iam./No,Iamnot.特殊疑问句:疑问词+be+主语+其它?如:Whatishe?Whatcolouristhatbird?Howoldareyou?Wherearethey?2.be动词的一般现在时的基本句型二.实义动词的一般现在时1、什么叫实义动词?实义动词是指表示有具体意思的动词,也叫行为动词。如:like(喜欢),eat(吃),live(居住),have(有),run(跑)等等。实义动词占英语中动词的绝大多数。我们已学过的be动词可译成“是”,有时译成“成为”,有时则没有具体意思如:“Sheistall.”这句译成:“她很高”。故be动词不属于实义动词。2、一般现在时实义动词作谓语的时侯有两种形式:1.动词原形;如:enjoy2.第三人称单数动词形式;如:enjoys主语+(+其它)。{行为动词原形行为动词的单数第三人称形式如:WestudyEnglish.我们学习英语.HestudiesFrench.一般现在时结构静态句“tobe”动态句“todo”静态句“tobe”肯定句否定句一般疑问句主语+be动词+…Iamagirl.Heisathome.Theyarehappy.主语+be动词+not+…Heisnotafarmer.Wearenotatschool.Iamnottall.Be动词+主语+…?Isheafarmer?Areyoustudents?Arethebooksonthetable?动态句“todo”肯定句否定句一般疑问句主语+动原+…三单主语+动词三单+…Wegotoschooleveryday.Hegoeshomeafterschool.主语+don’t+动原+…三单主语+doesn’t+动原…Wedon’tgotoschool…Hedoesn’tgohome…Do+主语+动原…?Does+三单主语+动原…?Doyougotoschool…?Doeshegohome…?哪些主语是第三人称单数?一、人称代词he,she,it是第三人称单数。HelikeswatchingTV.他喜欢看电视。Shehaslunchattwelve.她十二点吃午餐。Itlookslikeacat.它看起来像只猫。二、单个人名、地名或称呼作主语;是第三人称单数。①HanMeilookslikehermother.韩梅看起来像她的母亲②BeijingisinChina.北京在中国。③UncleWangoftenmakescakes.王叔叔经常做蛋糕。三、单数可数名词或this/that/the+单数可数名词作主语时,是第三人称单数。①Apandaisashyanimal.熊猫是害羞的动物。②Thisbookisyellow.这本书是黄色的。③Thatcarisred.那辆小汽车是红色的。④Thecatisblack.这只猫是黑色的。3、实义动词第三人称单数的动词形式变化规则一般情况下直接加-swalk—walks以s.x.sh.ch.o尾加-eswatch—watchesgo—goes“辅音字母+y”结尾变y为i,再加-es,fly—flies特殊情况have→hasdo→doesgo→goes当主语是第三人称单数时,动词需变化.动词单三的变化:1、一般情况下,直接加s,如:reads,plays,works,makes2、以s,x,ch,sh结尾,后加es.如:watcheswashesteaches3、以辅音字母加o结尾,一般加es,如:does,goes4、“元音字母+y”结尾的单词,直接在词尾加-s。如:plays,says5、辅音字母+y结尾的单词,去y,加ies,如:flies,studies6、不规则变化如:have-hassit________swim________go____do_______make________run________write________see______cry________study_________watch_______wash_______say_______play_______have______take_______sitsswimsgoesdoesmakesrunswritescries_seesstudieswatcheswashessays_playshas_takessits1)肯定句:主语(I/We/You/They)+实义动词原形+其他如:IstayathomeonSaturdays.Theyhavesportseveryday.主语(He/She/It)+实义动词单三形式+其他如:HestaysathomeonSaturdays.Lucyhassportseveryday.4、实义动词的一般现在时的基本句型2)否定句:主语(I/We/You/They)+do+not+动词原形+其他如:Idon’tstayathomeonSaturdays.Theydon’thavesportseveryday.主语(He/She/It)+does+not+动词原形+其他如:Hedoesn’tstayathomeonSaturdays.Lucydoesn’thavesportseveryday.3)一般疑问句及其肯、否定回答:Do+主语(I/we/you/they)+动词原形+其他?如:DoyoustayathomeonSaturdays?Yes,Ido./No,Idon’t.Dotheyhavesportseveryday?Yes,theydo./No,theydon’t.Does+主语(he/she/it)+动词原形+其他?如:DoeshestayathomeonSaturdays?Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn’t.DoesLucyhavesportseveryday?Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn’t.4)特殊疑问句:疑问词+do/does+主语+动词原形+其他?如:Whatdoyouwant?Whatdoesshewant?Whattimedoyouhavelunch?Whattimedoesshehavelunch?Whatdoyoudo?Whatdoesshedo?Howdoyouspellit?Howdoeshespellit?特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句?直接回答,而不用yes或no.5.一般现在时的句型变换1)IusuallyplayfootballonFriday.改为一般疑问句:DoyouusuallyplayfootballonFriday?对划线部分提问:WhatdoyouusuallydoonFriday?2)Myfathergotoworkbybikeeveryday.对划线部分提问:Howdoesyourfathergotoworkeveryday?一般现在时(否定句)在一般现在时中,句中有be动词或情态动词(can等)时,否定句在be动词和情态动词后加not。例如一般现在时(否定句)1、Iamateacher.否:Iamnotateacher.2、Heisastudent.否:Heisnotastudent.3、Youareaboy.否:Youarenotaboy.4、Icanswim.否:Icannot(can’t)swim.变否定句Iamagoodboy.Iamnotagoodboy.变否定句Theyarestudents.Theyarenotstudents.变否定句ShecanspeakEnglish.ShecannotspeakEnglish.一般现在时(否定句)句中没有be动词或情态动词时,主语为第三人称单数的否定句在动词前加doesnot(doesn’t),非单三时,否定句在动词前加donot(don’t)例如一般现在时(否定句)1、Itoschoolbybus.否:Itoschoolbybus.2、Hetoschoolbybus.否:Hetoschoolbybus.godon’tgogoesdoesn’tgo变否定句IstudyEnglisheveryday.Idon’tstudyEnglisheverymorning.变否定句ShespeaksChinesewell.Shedoesn’tspeakChinesewell.一般现在时(疑问句)句中有be动词或情态动词时,be动词或情态动词can提前,首字母变为大写;some变any例如一般现在时(一般疑问句)Heisastudent.Youareaboy.Isheastudent?Areyouaboy?Icanswim.Theyareteachers.Canyouswim?Aretheyteacher?Benismyfriend.IsBenyourfriend?变一般疑问句一般现在时(疑问句)句中没有be动词或情态动词时,主语为非第三人称单数,一般疑问句在句首加do,句子中动词用原形。主语为第三人称单数,一般疑问句在句首加does,句子中原有动词用原形;Some变any.例如一般现在时(一般疑问句)1、Itoschoolbybus.疑问句:youtoschoolbybus.2、Hetoschoolbybus.疑问句:hetoschoolbybus.DoesgogoesgogoDoWegotoschooleveryday.Doyougotoschooleveryday?变一般疑问句Nancylikesplayingcomputergames.DoesNancylikeplayingcomputergames?变一般疑问句Benwantssomebread.DoesBenwantanybread?变一般疑问句特殊疑问句地点:where人:who物:what年龄:howold价钱:howmuch数量:howmany特殊疑问句有be动词或情态动词构成:疑问词+be动词或情态动词+主语+其它例如特殊疑问句Shecanplaypiano.Whatcansheplay?Heisten.Howoldishe?Heisathome.Whereishe?It’s3dollars.Howmuchisit?特殊疑问句没有be动词或情态动词构成:疑问词+do(does)+主语+动词原形+其它例如特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句?Ilikeplayingfootball.Jimeatssomebreadeverymorning.Linglinghaslun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