1名词性从句区别名词性从句是一种具有名词功能的非独立分句,可以表示:事实和问题。1.连接词有:thatwhether和lf2.连接代词有:whowhomwhosewhichwhat等3.连接副词有:whenwherewhyhow等另外whateverwhoeverwhichever等也可以引导主语和宾语两种从句名词性从句中的“that”没有词义,也不作任何成分。除引导宾从外,主从和表从中不省1.主语从句:从句在句中充当主语成分1)Thattheearthisroundistrue.2)Whetherhewillcomeisdoubtful.3)Whathesaidsurprisedmemost.4)Wherehehidthemoneyistobefoundout.5)Whoevercomesiswelcome.6)It’scertainthathewillsucceed7)Howwecanhelpthetwinswillbediscussedatthemeeting.8)Whenthey’llstarttheprojecthasnotbeendecidedyetIt的用法:(形式主语)It’possible/important/necessary/clear…that……很可能/重要的是…/必要的是…/很清楚…It’said/reported…that…据说/据报道…It’sbeenannounced/declaredthat…已经通知/宣布…Itseems/appears/happens..that…显然、明显、碰巧…It’snowonderthat…并不奇怪/无疑…It’sapity/afact/acommonknowledge(众所周知)/acommonsaying….(俗话说“if”不能引导主语从句,应有“whether”引导主语从句的“that”一般不能省。“what”引导主语从句时,谓语动词:1)常与其后作表语的名词一致2)根据句子的语境而定。1.Whatyouleftareonlyseveraloldbooks.2.Whatyousaidisofgreatimportance.3.Whathesaysanddoesdoesn’tconcernme.4.Whathesaysanddoesdon’tagree2.宾语从句:从句在句中充当宾语成分(可以作谓语动词、介词、不定式等非谓语动词的宾语)that,whether,if(that常可省略)连词:who,what,which,whoever,whateverwhen,where,why,how1).CanyoumakesurewhereAlicehasputthegoldring.2).Italldependsonwhethertheywillsupportus.3).Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarm2support.4).Hemadeitcleartothepublicthathedidanimportantandnecessaryjob.5).Ifinditnecessarythatweshoulddothehomework.3.表语从句:从句在句中充当表语成分,一般放在连系动词之后.作用:对主语进行解释说明。连接词:that/whether/asif/asthough(if不引导表语从句)连接代词:who/whoever/which/whatever连接副词:when/where/why/how/becausee.g.Chinaisnolongerwhatsheusedtobe.That’sbecausewewereinneedofmoneyatthattime.Helookedasifhewasgoingtocry.Tomorrowiswhenitwouldbemostconvenient.1.在表语从句中,表“是否”时,只能用“whether”不能用“If”。2.一般情况下,“that”不能省。3.Itis/wasbecause….Itis/waswhy….3.Thereason(why…/for…)is/wasthat….4Thereasonisbecause/why…4同位语从句:从句在句中充当同位语成分,一般跟在一些抽象名词(idea;belief;fact;truth;rumour;news等)后面,对名词作进一步解释说明同位语从句常用that/whether引导或连接副词when/where/why/how1)Theideathatcomputerscanrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople.2)WordcamethatNapoleonhimselfwascomingtoinspectthem.同位语从句和定语从句的区别:1.同位语从句——that只起连接作用,不作任何成分定语从句——that是关系代词,起连接作用和充当宾语和主语2.同位语从句——同位语从句和前面的名词是同位关系,对名词进行补充说明定语从句——定从和前面的名词是所属关系,对名词进行修饰,加以限定3.同位语从句——that不能省定语从句——that在从句中作宾语时,可以省3关系代词as与which的用法区别as和which的相同点(1)as和which都可引导非限制性定语从句,放在主句之后;在非限制性定语从句中充当从句的主语、宾语或表语。如:Tomhasfoundagoodjob,as/whichweallhope.汤姆找到了一件好工作,这正是我们大家所希望的。(2)as和which都可代表整个句子的内容或主句中的某一成分。如:Hismotherisill,whichmakeshimverysad.他母亲病了,这件事情使他很难过。Hehasmadegreatprogress,as/whichmakesusveryhappy.他进步了,这使得我们很高兴。以上两句中的as/which都指前面整个句子的内容。Thoughhehaslotsofmoney,hestillrideshisoldbike,whichwasboughttenyearsago.尽管他很有钱,但是他还骑着他的旧单车,这单车是十年前买的。Thereyoucanmeetmanywritersasyouhaveeverreadinbooks.在那里,你可见到你在书中所读过的很多作家。as与which的区别(1)当先行词前面有so+adj.+a/such+(a)+adj.,thesame等词修饰时,引导词只能用as,而不用which。如:Sheissoniceagirlaswealllike.她是个我们大家都喜欢的如此好的女孩。Itissuchaninterestingbookasweallwanttoread.它是本我们大家都想读的有趣的书。上面两句中的as就不能用which替换。(2)as在从句中常作宾语;作主语时,从句的谓语动词常为系动词,即:系表结构或被动结构。如:Asyouexpected,heturnedupontime.正如你所愿,他按时到了。4Asissaidabove,hehasconqueredthedifficulty.正如上面所说,他征服了困难。(3)当非限制性定语从句放到主句的前面时,引导词只能用as,而不用which。如:Asisplanned,wegottherebeforeeight.正如计划,我们再把店前到达了那儿。(4)As引导的非限制性定语从句指表示积极的意义,与主句是顺理成章的关系,绝不能与之矛盾。若非限制性定语从句表示一种消极的意义,则只用which。如:Hehassucceededinhiscareer,as/whichweallhope.他在事业中成功了,这正是我们大家所希望的。Hergrandmadiedlastweek,whichmadeherverysad.她的奶奶逝世了,这使得她很悲伤。(5)当非限制性定语从句的引导词前面有介词时,只能用which,而不可用as。如:Hehasanewcomputer,forwhichhepaidnearlytenthousandyuan.他有一台新电脑,这台电脑花了他将近一万元。(6)当关系代词代替主句中的宾语从句或复合结构(如:宾+补;不定式短语;动词-ing形式短语等)时,一般只能用which,而不用as。如:Shetoldusthattherewassomethingwrongwithherbike,whichwastrue。她告诉我们说她的单车出了毛病,这话是真的。HeaskedhertohelphimwithhisEnglish,whichshedid.他请她教他学英语,她的确帮了。(7)关系代词仅代表主句中的谓语部分时,从句中谓语部分被省略而只保留情态动词的否定式或助动词否定式,引导词一般只用which,而不用as。如:HespeaksEnglishveryfluently,whichIcan’t.他的英语说得非常流利,这我可不行。(8)关系代词作定语修饰后面的名词时,一般只用which,而不用as。如:Hesuggestedgoingswimmingintheriver,whichideaweagreedwith.他提议去河里游泳,我们就同意了他的想法。5(9)当关系代词仅代表主句中单个的名词时,一般只用which,而不用as。如:Hesentmeabeautifulpresent,whichIvaluedverymuch.他给寄来了一件精美的礼物,我对它非常珍视。(10)as在非限制性定语从句中,还常跟such连用。如:Therewasalookofloveintheteacher’seyes,suchasmothershavefortheirchildren.老师眼里流露出对他喜爱的神情,就好像母亲对孩子的喜爱。(11)as常用于一些固定结构中。如:asiswellknown/asweallknow众所周知;asissaidabove正如上面所说;asmightbeimagined正像所想象的那样;asisreported如报道所说;ashasbeenpointed如所指出的那样;asisexpected正如所料(12):which代表整个句子,还可用于inwhichcase,atwhichpoint,onwhichoccasion等。如:Imayhavetoworklate,inwhichcaseI’lltelephoneyou.我可能得晚点下班,那样我会给你打电话的。1.Thefactorywasbuiltinasecretplace,around______highmountains.A.whichwasB.itwasC.whichwereD.themwere2.Themurderhappenedinanoldbuilding,beside______thecitypolicestation.A.whichareB.itisC.whichisD.themare3.Nextmonthwe’llmovetoanewbuilding,nextto_______anicerestaurantswherewecanhaveChinesefood.A.whichareB.itisC.whichisD.themare4._____isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.Which5._______isknowntoeverybodythatthemoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What6.______ismentionedabove,thenumberofthestudentsinseniorschoolisincreasing.A.WhichB.