现在分词作状语

现在分词作状语选修六Unit5Grammar千万要注意V-ing形式的规则哟！不能单独作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，可以有自己的宾语和状语。还有时态和语态的变化。分词作状语状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分。分词作状语让步原因条件结果时间伴随方式分词作状语功能表表示的范围相当的状语从句1.时间2.原因3.条件4.让步5.方式/伴随时间状语从句原因状语从句条件状语从句让步状语从句没有合适的状语从句A.现在分词作状语学与练把划线部分改写成分词短语并说明其功能1.1.Whentheysawtheirteacher,thestudentsstoodup.Seeingtheirteacher,thestudentsstoodup.*现在分词动作的发出者是()句子主语*现在分词短语作()时间状语أ--ing分词短语作时间状语，代替一个时间状语从句：注意：现在分词所表示的动作与主句的动作一般是同时发生，有时可由连词when,while引出。现在分词一般位于句首。如：•Whenhereadthebook,henoddedfromtimetotime.Whenshesawthosepictures,sherememberedherchildhood.Seeingthosepictures,sherememberedherchildhood.Whenreadingthebook,henoddedfromtimetotime.1.Aftertheyhadfinishedtheirhomework,theywenthome.Havingfinishedtheirhomework,theywenthome.*现在分词短语作()*Havingfinishedtheirhomework表现的动作在wenthome(),故用分词的().时间状语之前完成式2.Becausehewasill,hecouldn’tgotoschool.Beingill,hecouldn’tgotoschool.*现在分词短语作原因状语3.IfyouworkharderatEnglish,youwillmakegreaterprogress.WorkingharderatEnglish,youwillmakegreaterprogress.*现在分词短语作条件状语4.Althoughtheyfeltverytired，theykeptrunning.*Feelingverytired,theykeptrunning.现在分词短语作让步状语5.Thechildrencameintotheclassroom,andtheylaughedandtalked.(并列句)*Thechildrencameintotheclassroom,laughingandtalking.*现在分词短语作伴随或方式状语*Laughingandtalking,thechildrencameintotheclassroom.*不可改成相应状语从句-ing分词作状语代替状语从句可以表示现在分词作状语代替状语从句时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等，注：从句的主语和主句的主语必须一致。即-ing分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语就是整个句子的主语，并表示主动的关系。现在分词的时态和语态主动形式被动形式一般式完成式doingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendonedoing作状语，表示分词的动作与谓语动作同时发生havingdone作状语，表示分词的动作先于谓语的动作发生Hecameintotheclassroom,talkingandlaughing.Havingfinishedhiswork,hewenthome.把下列划线部分改写成分词短语,并说明其功能B.过去分词作状语学与练1.Whenshewasaskedwhyshedidit,shebegantocry.*Askedwhyshedidit,shebegantocry.*过去分词短语作时间状语*从句的动词用的是被动语态*过去分词的动作由主语承受2.Becausehewasmovedbyherwords,hedecidedtohelpthepoorboy.*Movedbyherwords,hedecidedtohelpthepoorboy.*过去分词短语作原因状语3.IfIweregivenonemorechance,Iwouldliketotellthegirl,“Iloveyou.”….*Givenonemorechance,Iwouldliketotellthegirl,“Iloveyou.”….*过去分词短语作条件状语4.Althoughtheyhadbeendefeatedmanytimes，theycontinuedtofight.*Havingbeendefeatedmanytimes,theycontinuedtofight.=Althoughdefeatedmanytimes,theycontinuedtofight.*过去分词短语作让步状语*分词作状语时，为使状语含义更加明确，有时在过去分词(现在分词）前可加上适当连词如：while，when，once，if，unless，asif，though*Onceused,thecarwillneverbesoldagain.(once“一旦……”)=Onceitisused,thecarwillneverbesoldagain.*Whenheated,waterturnsintosteam.=Whenwaterisheated,waterturnsintosteam.Heated,waterturnsintosteam5.Theteacherstoodthereandhewassurroundedbymanystudents.*Theteacherstoodthere(,)surroundedbymanystudents=Surroundedbymanystudents,theteacherstoodthere.*过去分词短语作伴随或方式状语Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hedidn’tmakethesamemistake.Havingbeencriticizedbytheteacher,hegaveupsmoking.分词的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前一、分词做状语1、现在分词的一般式（doing）与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与句中谓语动作同时发生或者在其后发生。2、完成式（havingdone）与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，先与谓语动作而发生。3过去分词（done）同动词现在分词的完成形式（havingbeendone）均与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且先与谓语动词发生。状语现在分词过去分词doing与主语为主动关系分词作状语其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致Hearingthebadnews,theycouldn’thelpcrying.Whentheyheardthebadnewsdoing与主语为主动关系Givenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.Iftheyhadbeengivenmoreattention________fromthetopofthebuilding,wesawthehouselikeamatchbox.________fromthetopofthebuilding,thehouselookslikeamatchbox.SeeingSeensee分词（短语）做状语时，分词前面可以加上连词，但是分词和句子之间不能用并列连词(如but，and，so)，因为并列连词接的是两个并列成分，而分词短语只是全句的一个状语部分，分词和主句之间可用逗号。注意1：例如:误:Havingbeentoldmanytimes,buthestillcouldn’tunderstandit.正:Hewastoldmanytimes,buthestillcouldn’tunderstandit.或Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hestillcouldn’tunderstandit.对比练习1.________manytimes,buthestillcouldn'tunderstandit.2._______manytimes,hestillcouldn'tunderstandit.A.HavingbeentoldB.ToldC.HewastoldD.Hebeentold3.______fromspace,theearthlooksblue.4.______fromspace,wecanseetheearthisblue.A.SeenB.SeeingC.ToseeD.SeeCA/BABbuttheearthwe•1.Ashehadeatentoomuchforsupper,hecouldn’tgotosleep.•2.Thisbookbecamewellknownallovertheworldafterithadbeentranslatedintomanydifferentlanguages.Havingeatentoomuchforsupper,hecouldn’tgotosleep.•Havingbeentranslatedintomanydifferentlanguages,thisbookbecamewellknownallovertheworld.Notknowinghisaddress,Icoulddonothingbutstayathomeandwait.---ing形式（短语）的否定形式常在其（）加not/never等。前面Nothavingreceivedhisfather’sletter,hedecidedtomakeacalltohim.注意2：有些分词短语可以做独立成分，用来解释整个句子，不受句子主语的限制。常见的分词短语有：generally(frankly,honestly…)speaking,supposing(假设),judgingfrom(从…判断),talkingof（谈到),speakingof（谈到）,considering(考虑到，鉴于）等。Generallyspeaking,girlsaremorecarefulthanboys.Supposingyoulose,whatwillyoudo?Judgingfromhisaccent,hemustbefromthenorth.Talkingoftravel,haveyoueverbeentoBeijing?现在分词的独立成分Task4现在分词的独立主格结构在用分词短语作状语时,它逻辑上的主语一般必须与句子的主语一致,但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语,这种结构称为:分词独立主格结构独立结构可以表示伴随动作或情况,表示时间、原因、条件等•Astheboyledtheway,wehadnotroublefindingthestrangevillage.•Ifweatherpermits,we’llgoforanoutingtomorrow.leadingtheway,wehadnotroublefindingthestrangevillage.permitting,we’llgoforanoutingtomorrow.Practice:TheboyTheweather•Astherewasnofurtherproblemstodiscuss,weendedthemeetingatlast.Therebeingnofurtherproblemstodiscuss,weendedthemeetingatlast.1、分词(短语)作状语时,前后两个动作的主语是一致的。2、分词短语做状语时，前面可以加上连词或介词，但是分词短语和句子之间不能用并列连