宾语从句专题

1宾语从句专题一、学习目标1.掌握宾语从句的基本用法；2.能在句中正确熟练地使用宾语从句。二、重点、难点：宾语从句的时态、语序和引导词。三、考情分析：通常以单项选择或改写句子的方式进行考查，分值约3—4分。四、知能提升（一）知识讲解【认知讲解】定义：由一个句子来充当动词的宾语，这样的复合句叫宾语从句。例如：HecanspeakEnglish.（这是简单句，不是宾语从句）（动词）（名词宾语）Hesays（that）hecanspeakEnglish.（宾语从句）（动词）（句子宾语）Hesays（that）hecanspeakEnglish.（主句）（从句）宾语从句的连接词（引导词）：宾语从句通常由连接词来连接。1.所接从句为陈述句时，由that连接。（that在句中不作成分，无意义，可省略）【例句】Hesays.Heisastudent.（合并为一句）Hesays（that）heisastudent.2.所接从句为一般疑问句时，由if或whether连接。（if/whether当“是否”讲，在句中不作成分，但有意义，不可省略。）【例句】Heasks.Isheastudent?（合并为一句）Heasksifheisastudent.3.所接从句为特殊疑问句时，用特殊疑问词连接。特殊疑问词：who，whose.，whom，which，when，where，whathow，howmany，howlong，howsoon，howoften等。（这些词在句中作成分，有意义，不可省略）【例句】Hewantstoknow.Whenwillshecomeback?（合并为一句）Hewantstoknow__________shewillcomeback.【考题链接】1.Willthe30thOlympicGamesbeheldinLondon?Couldyoutellme?（合并成含有宾语从句的复合句）Couldyoutellme________the30thOlympicGames________beheldinLondon?2.Iwonder______youwouldliketocometomybirthdayparty.A.thatB.whetherC.thatifD.thatwhether3.—Doyouremember______hecamehere?—OfcourseIdo.Hisfatherdrovehimhere.A.whetherB.whenC.howD.why宾语从句的时态：2I.一般情况下，宾语从句的时态要受到主句时态的限制，即要和主句的时态保持一致。1.当主句的谓语动词为现在时态（并非只指一般现在时，也可以是一般将来时，现在进行时等现在时态）时，从句的谓语动词用它所需要的任何一种时态。【例句】【考题链接】（1）CouldyoutellmehowI________（can）gettothedrugstore?（2）Doyouknowwherethey_______（play）basketballnow?2.当主句的谓语动词为过去时态时，从句的谓语动词必须用它所相对应的过去时形式。注意：过去时态并非只指一般过去时，只要是过去的时态形式即可。注意以下这种结构：CouldyoutellmewhenIcanleave?“could”在此表委婉语气，不是指过去时,所以从句用“can”而不能用“could”。【考题链接】Tomsaidhe______backinaweek.A.willcomeB.wouldcomeC.comeD.comesII.当从句描述的是事实、真理或格言、谚语时，从句谓语动词的时态不受主句时态的限制，都用一般现在时。【例句】Hesays（said）thattheearthgoesaroundthesun.Hesays（said）thatitisbettertogivethantoreceive.【考题链接】Theteachertoldusthatlight______（travel）fasterthansound.宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序：陈述语序，即主谓语序。【例句】Heasksifheisastudent.（陈述语序）Heasksifisheastudent.（×）（疑问语序）Doesheworkhard?Iwonder.→Iwonderif/whetherheworkshard.3Whendidheleave?Idon’tknow.→Idon’tknowwhenheleft.【考题链接】（1）—Wedon’tknow_____________.—ItissaidthathewasborninSweden.A.whatheisB.ifheliveshereC.wherehecomesfromD.whichcountryishefrom（2）—Couldyoutellme_____?—IliveinTai’an.A.wheredoyouliveB.wherewereyoubornC.whereyoubornD.whereyouwereborn（3）Canyoutellme______?A.howmuchdoesitcostB.howmuchitisC.howmuchitcostsD.bothBandC人称的变化和标点的使用1.从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。【例句】“MayIuseyourknife?”Heaskedme.→Heaskedmeifhemightusemyknife.“Doyouknowhertelephonenumber?”Heaskedme.→HeaskedmeifIknewhertelephonenumber.2.宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句，用句号；主句是疑问句，用问号。【例句】Whowillgiveusatalk?Idon’tknow.→Idon’tknowwhowillgiveusatalk.Doyouknow?Wheredoeshelive?→Doyouknowwherehelives?【考题链接】（1）MissGreendidn’ttellus_______in2002.A.wheredoessheliveB.WhereshelivesC.wheredidsheliveD.whereshelived（2）Wouldyoupleasetellme________?A.whendidhecomehomeB.wherehewouldplayfootballC.ifhehadseenthefilmD.whyhedidn’twatchthegame3.Idon’tknowwhen__________.A.willthetrainleaveB.thetrainwillleaveC.wouldthetrainleaveD.thetrainleave（二）提分技巧注意掌握宾语从句的时态、语序和引导词方面的相关知识。宾语从句用法口诀：宾语从句三姊妹，that，if/whether，wh-/how展风采。展风采有三关：引导词、语序、时态在把关。主从时态要一致，陈述语序永不变。陈述请你选that，疑问需用if/whether连。特殊问句作宾从，原来问词不用换。三关过后莫得意，人称、标点需注意。4（三）即学即练1.—Canyousee____?—No.Let’sgoandhavealook.Maybewecanhelpthem.A.whatwasgoingonthereB.whataretheydoingthereC.whatweretheydoingthereD.whatisgoingonthere2.—Couldyoutellme____forthemeetingyesterday?—Becausethetrafficwasbad.A.whydidyoucomelateB.whyyoucamelateC.whydoyoucomelateD.whyyoucomelate3.Idon’tknow________thecharityshowtomorrow.Canyoutellme?A.whenwestartB.whendidwestartC.whenwewillstartD.whenwillwestart4.Noonecanbesure______inamillionyears.A.whatmanlookslikeB.whatwillmanlooklikeC.whatmanlookedlikeD.whatmanwilllooklike5.Couldyoutellme______?A.whenwillMarycomebackB.whenMarycomesbackC.whenMarywillcomeback6.—WhattimewillMrBrownbebacktoChina?—Sorry.Idon’tknow______.A.whendidhegoabroadB.whyheisgoingabroadC.howsoonwillhebebackD.howlonghewillstayabroad7.—Thelightinhisroomisstillon.Doyouknow____________?—Inordertoprepareforthecomingexam.A.ifheworkshardB.whyhestaysupsolateC.whyishesobusyD.whenhewillstopworking8.—Sorry,whatdidyousayjustnow?—Iasked______.A.whendidheleaveB.whereyouhavebeenC.whomwillyougowithD.howIcouldgettothestation9.Shetoldmethesun______intheeast.A.riseB.roseC.risesD.hadrisen10.Letmetellyou__________________.A.howmuchisthecarB.howmuchdoesthecarcostC.howmuchdidIpayforthecarD.howmuchIspentonthecar同步练习（答题时间：45分钟）一、单项选择。1.Idon'tknow_________hewillcometomorrow._________hecomes,I'lltellyou．A.if;WhetherB.whether;WhetherC.if;ThatD.if;If2.Idon'tknow_________thedayaftertomorrow.A.whendoeshecomeB.howwillhecomeC.ifhecomesD.whetherhe'llcome3.Couldyoutellme_________thenearesthospitalis?A.whatB.howC.whetherD.where4.Couldyoutellme_________theradiowithoutanyhelp?A.howdidhemendB.whatdidhemendC.howhemendedD.whathemended5.Iwanttoknow_________.A.whomisshelookingafterB.whomsheislookingC.whomisshelookingD.whomsheislookingafter6.Doyouknowwhere_________now?A.helivesB.doesheliveC.helivedD.didhelive7.Doyouknowwhattime_________?A.thetrainleaveB.doesthetrainleaveC.willthetrainleaveD.thetrainleaves8.Idon'tknow______