1英语中考专题总复习专题一:中考英语复习资料:名词考点集汇、讲解和训练【考点直击】1.可数名词和不可数名词的用法;2.名词所有格的构成及用法;3.近义名词的辨析。【名师点睛】一、名词的数1.单数和复数可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾“-s”构成,其主要变法如下:(1)一般情况在词尾加-s,例如:book→books,girl→girls,boy→boys,pen→pens,doctor→doctors,boy→boys。(2)以s,x,ch,sh,结尾的词加-es,例如:bus→buses,class→classes,box→boxes,watch→watches,brush→brushes。(3)以ce,se,ze,(d)ge结尾的名词加s,例如:orange—oranges。(4)以辅音母加y结尾的词变“y”为“i”再加-es,例如:city→cities,factory→factories,country→countries,family→families。但要注意的是以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加s,如:boy→boys,day→days。(5)以o结尾的词多数都加-es。例如:hero→heroes,potato→potatoes,tomato→tomatoes,但词末为两个元音字母的词只加-s。例如:zoo→zoos,radio→radios,还有某些外来词也只加-s,例如:photo→photos,piano→pianos。(6)以f或fe结尾的词,多数变f为v再加-es,例如:knife→knives,leaf→leaves,half→halves。复数词尾s(或es)的读音方法如下表所示。复数词尾s(或es)的读音方法情况读法例词在[p][t][k][f]等清辅音后[s]cups,hats,cakes在[s][z][t][][]等音后[iz]glasses,pages,oranges,buses,watches,faces在[b][d][][v]等浊辅音后[z]beds,dogs,cities,knives(7)少数名词有不规则的复数形式,例如:man→men,woman→women,tooth→teeth,foot→feet,child→children,mouse→mice。【注意】与man和woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men和-women。例如:anEnglishman,twoEnglishmen。但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;man,woman等作定语时,它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定,如:twomenworkers,threewomenteachers。有个别名词单复数一样,例如:Chinese,Japanese,sheep,people,deer(鹿),fish等。但当fish表示不同种类的鱼时,可以加复数词尾,如:fishes.(8)数词+名词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式,中间加连字符。例如:ten-minutes’walk,an8-year-oldgirl,aten-milewalk,athree-monthholiday,a15-meter-deephole,a1000-wordarticle(9)还有些名词仅有复数形式,如:trousers(裤子),clothes,jeans,shoes,socks,chopsticks(筷子),glasses(眼镜),goods(货物),scissors(剪刀),compasses(圆规)。(10)只用作单数的复数形式的名词有:physics,mathematics/maths,theUnitedStates,NiagaraFalls,news,falls(它们只是以s结尾的单数名词)2.不可数名词“量”的表示方法在英语中,不可数名词如果要表示“量”的概念,可以用以下两种方法:(1)用much,alittle,little,alotof/lotsof,some,any等表示多少,例如:Therichmanhasalotofmoney.Thereissomemilkinthebottle.Isthereanywaterintheglass?Idon'tlikewinterbecausethere'stoomuchsnowandice.(2)用“数词-量词-of”这类定语来修饰,例如:apieceofpaper,apieceofbread,abottle(瓶)oforangejuice,aglassofwater(milk)acupofteaabagofrice,apieceofmusic如果要表示“两杯茶”、“四张纸”这类概念时,在容器后加复数,例如:twocupsoftea,fourpiecesofpaperthreeglassesofwater二、名词的所有格名词所有格,用来表示人或物的所有,以及领属关系。1.表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加's,其复数形式是s',例如:astudent'sroom,students'room2.如其结尾不是s的复数形式仍加's,如:Children'sDay。3.在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用's,例如:atwentyminutes'walk,tenmiles'journey(旅程),ameter'slength(长度),twopounds'weight(重量),tendollars'worth(价值)。4.无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构,例如:amapofChina,theendofthisterm,thecapitalofourcountry,thecoloroftheflowers。5.双重所有格,例如:afriendofmyfather's。【注意】如果两个名词并列,并且分别有's,则表示“分别有”,例如:John'sandMary'srooms(约翰和玛丽各有一间,共两间);Tom'sandMary'sbikes(两人各自的自行车)。两个名词并列,只有一个's,则表示“共有”,例如:JohnandMary'sroom(约翰和玛丽共有一间);TomandMary'smother(即Tom与Mary是兄妹)。【中考演练】一.单项填空1.These_________havesavedmanychildren’slives.A.womandoctorsB.womendoctorC.womendoctorsD.womandoctor2.Thisis_________bedroom.Thetwinsisterslikeitverymuch.A.AnneandJaneB.Anne’sandJane’sC.Anne’sandJaneD.AnneandJane’s3.---Arethereany____onthefarm?---Yes,therearesome.A.horseB.duckC.chickenD.sheep4.---Whatwouldyouliketodrink,________ororangejuice?---Orangejuice,please.A.hamburgerB.chipC.tea5.---Wherehaveyoubeen,Tim?---I’vebeento______.A.theHenryhouseB.theHenryfamilyC.TheHenry’shomeD.Henry’s6.InEngland,if____isinthemiddleoftheday,theeveningmeal2iscalledsupper.A.foodB.lunchC.breakfastD.dinner8.Youlookedforittwice,butyouhaven’tfoundit.Whynottry____.A.threetimesB.athirdtimeC.thethirdtimeD.once9.---Theyarethirsty.Willyoupleasegivethem__?---Certainly.A.somebottlesofwatersB.somebottlesofwaterC.somebottleofwaterD.somebottleofwaters10.Mikehurtoneofhis______intheaccidentyesterday.A.toothB.feetC.handD.ear11.Thereissome_______ontheplate.A.cakesB.meatC.potatoD.pears12.InEngland,thelastnameisthe_______.A.familynameB.middleC.givennameD.fullname13.Thearegoingtofly_______toBeijing.A.GermenB.GermanyC.GermanysD.Germans14.The______hastwo_______.A.boys;watchesB.boy;watchC.boy;watchesD.boys;watch15.Thelittlebabyhastwo_______already.A.toothB.toothsC.teethD.teeths16.What’syour_______forbeinglateagain?A.ideaB.keyC.excuseD.news17.---It’sdangeroushere.We’dbettergooutquickly.---ButIthinkweshouldlet_______gooutfirst.A.womanandchildrenB.womenandchildC.womanandchildD.womenandchildren18.---YoucanseeMr.Smithifthereisasign“_______”onthedoorofhisshop.---Thanks.A.ENTRANCEB.BUSINESSHOURSC.THISSIDEUPD.NOSMOKING19.Aretheygoingtohaveapicnicon_______?A.Children’sDayB.Childrens’sDayC.ChildrensDayD.ChildrenDay20.Wherearethestudents?Aretheyin_______?A.theRoom406B.Room406C.the406RoomD.406Room二.根据下列句子的情景及所给汉语注释,写出所缺单词。1.We’vegotalotofnew________(杂志)inourschoollibrary.2.Pleaseturntoanother_______(频道),Idon’tlikethisshow.3.Yesterdaythe_________(航班)toLondonwasputoffbecauseofthebadweather..4.Autumnismyfavourite(季节)5.---Howmany_______(小刀)doyouhave?---Three.6.__________arewidelyusedinthemodernworld.7.June1stis__________(儿童)Day.8.Mary,wouldyoupleasetellmeyournew________(地址)sothatIcanwritetoyou.9.---Doesthispieceof______(音乐)soundnice?---Yes.It’swonderful!10.May12thistheInternational_______(护士)Day.Let’ssay“Thanks”tothemfortheirwork.三.根据句意和所给首字母写出所缺的单词。1.“What’syourn_______?”“LiLei.