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2013届分类号：单位代码：10452本科毕业论文竞技健美操剪式变身跳转体180度动作技术影响因素的研究姓名杨晓学号200914150119年级09级专业舞蹈学（健美操方向）系（院）体育学院指导教师王作灿2013年3月20日临沂大学2013届本科毕业论文I摘要通过运用文献资料法，数据分析法，调查问卷法对竞技健美操剪式变身跳转体180度动作技术影响因素的研究，研究结果表明：①剪式变身跳转体180度动作结构本身对动作技术具有很大的影响②运动员身体素质对剪式变身跳转体180度动作技术有很大影响。关键词：竞技健美操；剪式变身跳转体180度；影响因素临沂大学2013届本科毕业论文IIAbstractByusingthemethodofliterature,dataanalysismethod,questionnairemethodontheaerobicsscissorsjumpturnturnedontheinfluencefactorsof180degreesofmovementtechnology,resultsshowedthat:①scissorsintojumpingswivel180degreesmovementstructureitselfhasagreatinfluence②theathletesphysicalqualityofshearedintojumpingswivel180degreesactiontechnologyhasagreatinfluenceonthemovementtechnologyKeywords:aerobics;Scissorterrorizejumptheswivel180degrees;influencingfactor临沂大学2013届本科毕业论文III目录1前言·····························································································································11.1选题依据············································································································11.2文献综述············································································································12研究对象与研究方法································································································32.1研究对象············································································································32.2研究方法············································································································32.2.1文献资料法································································································32.2.2调查问卷法································································································33结果与分析················································································································33．1剪式变身跳180度动作结构本身对动作技术的影响···································33.1.1起跳阶段对剪式变身跳180度动作的影响··············································33.1.2腾空阶段对剪式变身跳180度动作的影响··············································43.1.3落地阶段对剪式变身跳180度动作的影响··············································5临沂大学2013届本科毕业论文IV3．2运动员身体素质对剪式变身跳转体180度动作技术的影响·························53.2.1力量对剪式变身跳转体180度动作技术的影响·····································63.2.2速度对剪式变身跳转体180度动作技术的影响······································63.2.3柔韧对剪式变身跳转体180度动作技术的影响·····································63.2.4协调对剪式变身跳转体180度动作技术的影响····································64结论与建议················································································································74.1结论····················································································································74.2建议····················································································································7参考文献·······················································································································8附录·······························································································································9谢辞·····························································································································10临沂大学2013届本科毕业论文11前言1.1选题依据竞技健美操是在音乐的伴奏下，通过难度动作的完美完成，展示运动员连续表演复杂和高强度动作的能力。成套动作必须是暂时连续的动作组合，柔韧性，力量与七种基本步伐的使用并结合难度动作高质量的完美完成。竞技健美操是一个相对独立从属难美项群的非周期性技能类运动项目。FIG竞技健美操规则难度动作表将难度动作列出，比赛中由难度裁判评定该动作的编码和分值；同时由完成裁判评价该动作的技术技巧，由艺术裁判进行空间使用的均衡性，成套分布的合理性，动作连接的流畅性以及音乐结构的一致性方面的评定。而难度动作时所有竞赛项目中运动训练的核心，是成套动作的基础，是比赛获胜的关键。在竞技健美操比赛中是影响运动成绩的重要组成部分。剪式变身跳则是单脚起跳同时转体180度；腾空后展示纵劈腿姿态；单脚着地的难度动作。而根据FIG健美操委员会制定的竞技健美操规则，在竞技健美操难度动作中，C组跳跃类的难度动作是最多的，而剪式变身跳转体180度的应用也相当频繁，所以对剪式变身跳转体180度的研究是相当有必要的。目前国内外有关健美操剪式变身跳跳转体180度动作技术影响因素研究的相关文章很少。在对国内外健美操动作技术的相关文献进行阅读，研究的过程中发现，有关竞技健美操发面的研究大多停留在定性分析与描述性文章为主。因此，由于数据的限制，健美操难度动作的研究深度已很难再有突破，这就势必造成相关研究停滞不前的局面。因此下面将从研究方法和研究内容着手，以剪式变身跳转体180度这一技术作为突破口，对健美操动作进行深入，细致的研究，为综合评价运动员的技术水平提供理论依据。1.2文献综述杨锋在《竞技健美操C组高难动作的运动学分析》中说:竞技健美操是在音乐的伴奏下,通过难度动作的完美完成，展示运动员连续表演复杂和高强度动作的能力。成套动作必须是暂时连续的动作组合，柔韧性，力量与七种基本步伐的使用并结合难度动作高质量的完美完成。竞技健美操是一个相对独立从属难美项群的非周期性技能类运动项目。而难度动作时所有竞赛项目中运动训练的核心，是成套动作的基础，是比赛获胜的关键。在竞技健美操比赛中是影响运动成绩的重要组成部分。杨峰《对竞技健美操C组跳与跃类0_9分值难度动作的运动学分析》中指出：临沂大学2013届本科毕业论文2C组难度技术动作一共分为三个阶段起跳、腾空、落地。而剪式变身跳转体180度的动作将诶段划分是：起跳阶段分为起跳腿着地时刻、起跳最大缓冲时刻、离地时刻。腾空阶段分为腾空角度最大时刻、重心最高时刻。落地阶段分为落地时刻、落地最大缓冲时刻。赵卓然在《健美操剪式变身跳转体180度动作的运动学研究》中指出：剪式变身跳是以快有力的起跳获得腾空高度并以一定的高度完成难度动作，因为无助跑或助跑距离比较小，身体重心的水平速度变化不大，而垂直速度变化极快。因此，起跳阶段的动作技术是完成整个剪式变身跳动作的基础。它关系着能否从助跑中获得的动能尽可能的转化为人体向上的动能，其成功与否直接关系到动作完成的质量。空中动作是剪式变身跳跳动作中的重要部分，空中动作完成好坏，决定整个动作的成功与否。由于健美操是表演性很强的项目，所以在完成竞技健美操各种跳跃动作的同时，不仅要达到跳跃动作的基本标准，还要有优美的空中姿态表现给观众，这就更加增加了动作的难度。如前文所述剪式变身跳的空中动作是个复杂的过程，要求左腿蹬地纵起后，身体在空中向左转动，左腿继续向上、向内摆动，身体左转，右腿直膝向后摆起。此阶段的主要任务有三方面：一是维持身体在空中的平衡；二是在转体的同时实现尽可能打的腾空角；三是以最佳的姿势落地，为落地平衡创造有利的条件。因此身体腾起高度，腾空角大小，转动角速度，以及专题过程中的空中姿态是评价剪式变身跳180度动作质量的重要标志。石爱华,徐燕,王志红在《竞技健美操难度动作教学中学生错误动作产生的原因及纠正要点》中指出：竞技健美操难度错误动作的产生原因重要由以下四方面产生：1.技术概念不清楚2.身体素质差3.缺乏自信4.产生恐惧心理、精神涣散5.注意力不集中。竞技健美操难度错误动作产生的客观原因主要由以下三个方面产生：1.教学手段和方法应用不当2.各技术环节缺乏联系3.教学环境不理想谢萍在《竞技健美操难度技术发展趋势探究》中表明：技术难度的发展趋势总结出技术难度的发展趋势将是：（1）更加注重艺术性创新（2）动作技术的完成要求更加完美、（3）难度动作向多项化方向发展（4）舞蹈难度要求更高