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湛江师范学院学士学位论文对篮球比赛中运动员逆境球心理及对策的研究学号2004434546姓名项家贯院系体育科学学院专业体育教育指导老师姚卫宇教授2008年5月1对篮球比赛中运动员逆境球心理及对策的研究摘要：本人在观看了NBA、CBA、WCBA、CUBA、奥运会篮球比赛的转播后，发现大部分比赛中对手的技战术相差无几，影响比赛胜负的主要因素是心理因素，尤其是在比赛出现逆境的情况下运动员的心理状态因素。本文对篮球比赛中各种逆境出现后运动员的心理变化进行了分析，分析了影响运动员逆境球心理的主要因素，提出了运动员克服不良逆境球心理的方法及对策，为篮球运动员及教练员克服比赛中的不良逆境球心理提供帮助。关键词：篮球比赛；运动员；逆境球；心理；TotheresearchoftheathleteadversecircumstancescenterofspherereasonandcounterplaninbasketballgameAbstract:OneselfintookalookatNBA,CBA,WCBA,CUBA,Olympicgamebasketballgameempress,discoverbigpartsofgamestheskillmilitarytacticsoftheopponentdiffersonlyafew,themainfactoroftheinfluencegamevictoryordefeatismentalstateappearancefactorthatmentalstatefactor,isanathleteparticularlyunderthesituationofcompetingtoappeartheadversecircumstances.Thistextcompeteinsideeverykindofadversecircumstancesthementalstatevarietyoftheathletetothebasketballtoproceedtheanalysisafterappearing,analyzingtoaffectthemainfactorthatathleteadversecircumstancescenterofspheremanage,puttingforwardmethodandcounterplansthatathleteovercomethebadadversecircumstancescenterofspherethereasons,overcomingthebadadversecircumstancescenterofspherewithingamethereasontheofferingthehelpforbasketballathleteandcoachmembers.Keywords:Adversecircumstancesball;Adversecircumstancescenterofspherereason;Basketballgame;Athlete;Mentalstateobstacle2目录摘要······················································································································1关键词···················································································································1Abstract··················································································································1Keyword················································································································1前言···················································································································31研究对象与方法··································································································31.1研究对象······································································································31.2研究方法······································································································31.2.1文献资料法···························································································31.2.2逻辑分析法···························································································31.2.3对比分析法···························································································32篮球比赛中运动员逆境球心理的含义·······································································33篮球比赛中运动员逆境球心理的产生因素解析···························································33.1运动员自身因素·····························································································33.1.1运动员情绪因素·····················································································43.1.2运动员信心因素······················································································43.1.3运动员意志品质因素················································································43.2外界因素······································································································54篮球比赛中运动员克服不良逆境球心理的方法与对策··················································54.1方法············································································································54.1.1做好赛前心理准备··················································································54.1.2运动员调节情绪的方法············································································64.1.3运动员树立信心的方法············································································64.1.4运动员增强意志品质的方法·······································································74.1.5对运动员进行逆境模拟训练的方法·····························································74.2对策············································································································84.2.1运动员应加深对心理在篮球比赛中的意义和作用的认识··································84.2.2赛前不要给运动员施加压力·······································································84.2.3要掌握运动员性别差异的心理特点·····························································85结论··················································································································8致谢···················································································································8参考文献················································································································83前言现代篮球运动的发展，篮球比赛日益显现出双方运动员综合实力的竞争和较量。随着场上对抗程度的日趋激烈，心理的较量也日趋激烈。没有良好的心理素质就难以适应各种比赛环境和不同的对手，直接影响临场技、战术的发挥。山团灵在论文《论运动员赛前的心理准备》中认为从国内外许多心理学家对运动员比赛情况的调查可以看到，比赛中发挥不好的运动员中，由于心理方面准备不足导致失败的约占百分之七十，因训练水平低，技术准备不足而造成失败的仅占百分之二十。他认为运动员在比赛关键时刻心理的稳定性，直接关系着比赛的胜负。许奋奋认为没有良好的心理素质，就难以适应各种比赛环境和不同的对手，直接影响临场技战术的发挥。于鸿森认为随着训练科学化的发展和实践说明，没有良好的心理训练，即使是一个优秀的运动员，在比赛中也很难保证取得理想的成绩。有许多学者对这方面有较多的研究，但是具体对篮球比赛逆境球心理的研究处于零散状态。以下分析了影响篮球比赛中运动员逆境球心理的因素及篮球比赛中运动员克服不良逆境球心理的方