北华大学毕业设计(论文)-1-摘要随着科学技术的日新月异,锅炉在生产中的应用越来越广泛,是工业生产中经常采用的一种设备。在生产过程中,我们主要对温度、压力、流量进行控制。而锅炉的温度控制在锅炉控制系统中的地位越来越突出。由于锅炉温度系统惯性较大、滞后现象比较严重,干扰量较多,几乎无法建立其数学模型。因此,对锅炉炉温的控制一直都是研究难点。本文主要是对锅炉炉温系统进行控制。如果选择传统PID控制方式,精度较低,控制效果不理想,所以考虑选择模糊控制。研究模糊控制的基本原理,设计控制锅炉炉温的模糊控制器。对锅炉的温度飞升曲线特点进行剖析,创建模糊控制规则表,并利用Matlab软件中的Simulink中模糊逻辑工具箱,仿真出锅炉的传统PID曲线、模糊系统曲线。根据仿真曲线结果计算系统的%和sst,在传统PID控制中,计算结果不能同时满足控制的基本要求;当选择模糊控制的时候,%和sst都能满足控制的基本要求,但是系统极易出现稳态误差。所以本论文是把传统PID控制以及模糊控制组合到一起,设计一个参数自整定的模糊PID控制器,将PID的几个主要参数pK、iK以及dK进行自整定,利用Simulink仿真出曲线,结果表明所设计的基于模糊PID的锅炉炉温控制器能够满足锅炉炉温控制的基本要求。在分析锅炉温度控制系统的基础上,选择PIC16F877A单片机作为关键器件,完成温度的采集控制以及超限报警等基本功能,并把本文计算出的模糊PID算法与硬件相结合,设计主程序的流程图和基本电路。关键词:温度控制;模糊PID控制;参数整定;锅炉北华大学毕业设计(论文)-2-AbstractBoilerintheproductionandlifehasbeenappliedmoreandmoreextensivelywiththedevelopmentofthetimes,itisadeviceoftenusedinindustrialproduction,andboilertemperaturecontrolintheboilercontrolsystemisbecomingmoreandmoreprominent.Temperaturecontrolsystemwithlargeinertia,theseriousdelayanddifficulttoestablishaccuratemathematicalmodel.Thenonlinearrelationshipexists.Thispaperismainlyontheboilerfurnacetemperaturecontrol.IftheselectionofthetraditionalPIDcontrolmode,theaccuracyislower,thecontroleffectisnotideal.Weshouldconsidertheoptionoffuzzycontrol,thebasicprincipleofthefuzzycontrol,designcontrolofboilerfurnacetemperaturefuzzycontroller.Thefuzzycontrolruletableisestablishedthroughanalysingthecharacteristicoftheelectricboilertemperatureinthethesis.Inthisthesis,simulationofPIDcontrolsystemandfuzzycontrolsystemusingSimulinkandMATLABfuzzylogictools.TheresultsshowthattheregulationtimeandovershootofthePIDsystemcannotbeachievedbythecontrolsystem.Whenthefuzzycontrol,theadjustmenttimeandtheovershootcanachievethenorm,butthesysteminducedsteady-stateerror.Sothereisanewwaytocombinetogether.ThepatametersofKp,KiandKdareadjustbyfuzzyinference.TheexperimentalresultsshowthatthefuzzyPIDparameterself-tuningcontrolleristheperformanceindexofthesystem.Analysisofboilertemperaturecontrolsystem,thePIC16F877Amicrocontrollerischosenasthemaincomponenttodesignthetemperature,andthebasicfunctionofthecollectionandcontrolofthetemperatureiscompleted.AndthepapercalculatesthefuzzyPIDalgorithmaddedtothehardwaredesign,thedesignofthemainprogramflowchartandbasiccircuit.KeyWords:temperaturecontrol;fuzzyPIDcontrol;parameterstuning;simulation北华大学毕业设计(论文)-1-目录摘要..................................................................................................................................1Abstract.....................................................................................................................................2引言..................................................................................................................................11绪论.......................................................................................................................................21.1课题的提出和意义...................................................................................................21.2国内外锅炉控制的发展现状..................................................................................21.3温度控制系统的发展概况......................................................................................22被控对象以及控制方法的研究.........................................................................................42.1被控对象和原有控制方案......................................................................................42.1.1被控对象的分析.............................................................................................42.1.2常用控制方案.................................................................................................52.2传统PID控制...........................................................................................................62.2.1传统PID控制基本原理..............................................................................62.2.2数字PID控制器............................................................................................72.3模糊控制的基本理论...............................................................................................82.3.1模糊控制的基本概念....................................................................................82.3.2模糊控制系统的组成....................................................................................92.3.4模糊控制器的结构.......................................................................................122.3.5模糊PID控制器的设计步骤...................................................................133基于模糊控制的电锅炉温度控制系统设计..................................................................153.1电锅炉温度控制的工艺要求................................................................................153.2常规PID控制的仿真..........................................................................................163.2.1PID控制器设计...........................................................................................163.2.2PID参数的整定...........................................................................................163.3温度控制系统中的模糊控制器............................................................................