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南京航空航天大学研究生考试试卷共8页第1页PartIFillintheblankswiththewordsgivenbelow.(10%)Directions:Inthissectiontherearetensentences,eachofwhichcontainsablankthatrequiresaproperwordfromthefollowingbox.Eachwordisusedonlyonce.Writedowntherequiredwordinthenumberedspaceontheanswersheet.assimilate,bestow,binding,compatibility,furtherance,incomparable,overriding,recall,utter,visionary1.Weshallseethatthereisgreatreasontohopethatdeathisagood;fordeathisastateofnothingnessandunconsciousness.2.ItisthisthirdcitythataccountsforNewYork’shigh-strungdisposition,itspoeticaldeportment,itsdedicationtothearts,anditsachievements.3.NewYorkwillthegiftoflonelinessandthegiftofprivacyonanypersonwhodesiressuchqueerprizes.4.IttookleadershiponbothsidesofthePacifictobringthesetwocountriestogetherandsomuchofthathardworkhappenedrighthereinHangzhou.5.ThespecialrelationshipoffriendshipisbasedonwhattheFrenchvaluemost—onthemind,on_________ofoutlook,onvividawarenessofsomechosenareaoflife.6.Andeventodaysuchties,crossingeverylineofclassandpersonalinterest,remainonthesurvivorsofthesesmall,secretbands.7.Hedgehogwritersseetheworldthroughtheprism5ofasingleidea,whereasfoxesdarthitherandthither,gatheringinspirationfromthewidestvarietyofexperiencesandsources.8.Thestoreofknowledgebuiltupbyanindividualoveryears,isbecominglessimportantthantheabilitytofocusandedit:extractinginformationfromthemachinehastakentheplaceoftheabilitytoitunaided.9.Allareagreedthatheexiststoservethecomposer—toandrecreatethecomposer’s‘message’.10.Tolistenintently,tolistenconsciously,andtolistenwithone’swholeintelligenceistheleastwecandointheofanartthatisoneofthegloriesofmankind.二O一三～二O一四学年第一学期《非英语专业研究生英语》课程考试日期:2014年1月11日课程编号：学院学号姓名成绩共8页第2页PartIIReadingComprehension(40%)Directions:Inthissection,therearefourpassagesforyoutoread.Readeachpassagecarefully,andthendothequestionsthatfollow.ChoosethebestanswerA,B,C,orD,andwritedownthecorrespondingletteronyourAnswerSheet.Passage1Aclassicseriesofexperimentstodeterminetheeffectsofoverpopulationoncommunitiesofratswasconductedbyapsychologist,JohnCalhoun.Ineachexperiment,anequalnumberofmaleandfemaleadultratswereplacedinanenclosure.Theratpopulationswereallowedtoincrease.Calhounknewfromexperienceapproximatelyhowmanyratscouldliveintheenclosureswithoutexperiencingstressduetoovercrowding.Heallowedthepopulationtoincreasetoapproximatelytwicethisnumber.Thenhestabilizedthepopulationbyremovingoffspringthatwerenotdependentontheirmothers.Attheendoftheexperiments,Calhounwasabletoconcludethatovercrowdingcausesabreakdowninthenormalsocialrelationshipsamongrats,akindofsocialdisease.Theratsintheexperimentsdidnotfollowthesamepatternsofbehaviorasratswouldinacommunitywithoutovercrowding.Thefemalesintheratpopulationwerethemostseriouslyaffectedbythehighpopulationdensity.Forexample,motherssometimesabandonedtheirpups,and,withouttheirmothers'care,thepupsdied.Theexperimentsverifiedthatinoverpopulatedcommunities,motherratsdonotbehavenormally.Theirbehaviormaybeconsidereddiseased,pathological.Thedominantmalesintheratpopulationweretheleastaffectedbyoverpopulation.Eachofthesestrongmalesclaimedanareaoftheenclosureashisown.Therefore,theseindividualsdidnotexperiencetheovercrowdinginthesamewayastheotherratsdid.However,dominantmalesdidbehavepathologicallyattimes.Theirantisocialbehaviorconsistedofattacksonweakermale,female,andimmaturerats.Thisdeviantbehaviorshowedthateventhoughthedominantmaleshadenoughlivingspace,theytoowereaffectedbythegeneralovercrowding.Nondominantmalesintheexperimentalratcommunitiesalsoexhibiteddeviantsocialbehavior.Somewithdrewcompletely,avoidingcontactwithotherrats.Othernondominantmaleswerehyperactive,chasingotherratsandfightingeachother.Thebehavioroftheratpopulationhasparallelsinhumanbehavior.PeopleindenselypopulatedareasexhibitdeviantbehaviorsimilartothatoftheratsinCalhoun'sexperiments.Inlargeurbanareas,suchasNewYorkCity,London,andCairo,thereareabandonedchildren.Therearecruel,powerfulindividuals,bothmenandwomen.Therearealsopeoplewhowithdrawandpeoplewhobecomehyperactive.Istheprincipalcauseofthesedisordersoverpopulation?Calhoun'sexperimentssuggestthatitmightbe.Inanycase,socialscientistsandcityplannershavebeeninfluencedbytheresultsofthisseriesofexperiments.1.Calhounstabilizedtheratpopulation_____.A)whenitwasdoublethenumberthatcouldliveintheenclosurewithoutstressB)byremovingyoungrats共8页第3页C)sothattherewasaconstantnumberofadultratsintheenclosureD)Alloftheabovearecorrect2.WhichofthefollowinginferencesCANNOTbemadefromtheinformationinparagraphI?A)Calhoun'sexperimentisstillconsideredimportanttoday.B)Overpopulationcausespathologicalbehaviorinratpopulations.C)Stressdoesnotoccurinratcommunitiesunlessthereisovercrowding.D)Calhounhadexperimentedwithratsbefore.3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A)Dominantmaleshadadequatelivingspace.B)Dominantmaleswerenotasseriouslyaffectedbyovercrowdingastheotherrats.C)Dominantmalesattackedweakerrats.D)Thestrongestmalesarealwaysabletoadapttobadconditions.4.Theauthorimpliesthatthebehaviorofthedominantmaleratsissometimesparallelwiththatof_____