Module5GreatPeopleandGreatInventionsofAncientChina要点一单词1.equaladj.(能力、力气等)胜任的;(大小、数量、程度)相等的,相同的n.同等或平等的人或物vt.与……相等,等于(=beequalto);比得上归纳拓展(1)AequalsB.=AisequaltoB.A等于B。beequaltosth./doingsth.等于,能胜任beequalwith与……平等equalpayforequalwork同工同酬without(an)equal无人可比地(2)equalsth.与……相等equalsb.insth.在……方面与某人匹敌(3)equallyadv.相等地,同样地,等分地equalityn.同等;平等,相等例句:Womendemandedequalpayforequalwork.妇女们要求同工同酬。Apoundisroughlyequalto500grams.1磅约等于500克。Bobisquiteequaltothejobofrunningtheoffice.鲍勃的能力足以管理这个部门。Noneofuscanequalher,eitherinbeautyorasadancer.不论是容貌还是舞技我们都比不上她。同类辨析equal与same两者都含有“相同的”的意思。(1)equal指“在数量、大小、价值、程度等方面不存在差别的”。(2)same指“同一的”,实质上不同,但在数量、意义、外表上没有明显区别的。same前要加定冠词the。例句:Oneliisequaltohalfakilometer.一华里等于半公里。Theyhavethesameproblem.他们有类似的问题。【链接训练】Allthecountriesintheworldshould________eachother,thoughsomedevelopingcountriescan’tequaldevelopedones________somesections.A.beequalto;inB.beequalwith;onC.beequal;onD.beequalto;of【解析】beequalto“平等”;“在……方面”用介词in。句意为:世界上所有的国家相互都是平等的,尽管一些发展中国家在有些方面不能和发达国家相媲美。【答案】A2.ordern.次序,顺序;整齐;秩序;命令;订购vt.命令;指令;订购;点菜;安排;指导归纳拓展(1)inorderof...照(依)……顺序排列outoforder不整齐;状况不佳;出故障的ingoodorder井井有条;状态良好keeporder维持秩序placeanorderforsth.订购某物give/takeorders下达/接受命令inordertodo.../that...为了……(2)ordersb.todosth./ordersth.tobedone命令某人做某事/某事被做orderthat...命令……(从句中谓语动词用should+动词原形,should可以省略)ordersb.sth.=ordersth.forsb.为某人订购……例句:Thedoctororderedhimtotakearestforaweekortwo.=Thedoctororderedthathe(should)takearestforaweekortwo.医生叮嘱他休息一两周。Heputhispapersinorderbeforeheleft.他在动身前把文件都整理好了。Thephoneisoutoforder.电话坏了。【链接训练】Remembertoputthebooks_______beforeleavingtheroom.A.intheplaceB.intheorderC.inorderD.inneed【解析】A项应去掉定冠词,D项inneed“需要”不符合题意。句意为:离开房间前请记得把书排放整齐。inorder“井井有条,整齐有序”。【答案】C3.stressn.重压;压力;强调,重音vt.着重,强调,重读归纳拓展(1)lay/place/putthestresson/upon...把重点放在……上;在……上用力;强调……重要性underthestressof...为……所迫;为……所驱使;受到……所造成的压力cause/reducestress造成/减少压力(2)stresstheimportanceof...强调……的重要性(3)stressfuladj.产生压力的;使紧迫的astressfuljob/situation/lifestyle繁重的工作/艰难的处境/紧张的生活方式stressedadj.紧张的,焦虑的(不位于名词前,且常修饰人)例句:Ourparentsalwayslaystressonproperbehavior.我们的父母一直很强调行为的得体。Hestressedtheimportanceofcooperation.他强调合作的重要性。Theword“today”isstressedonthesecondsyllable.这个单词的第二个音节要重读。Hefindshisnewteachingjobverystressful.他觉得新的教学工作非常紧张。【链接训练】Thingscaneasilygowrongwhenpeopleareunder________.A.stressB.weightC.loadD.strength【解析】句意为:人们在有压力的情况下,做事容易出差错。四个选项意义分别为stress“压力”;weight“重量”;load“负担”;strength“力量”。understress“压力之下”,故选A。【答案】A4.resignn.辞去(职务)v.辞去,辞职归纳拓展(1)resignfrom...从……辞去职务resignassth.辞职resignone’spost/position辞职resign...to...把……托付给……resignoneselfto(doing)sth.听任(某种影响);只好(做)某事(2)resignedadj.已辞职的;已放弃的beresignedtosth./doingsth.心甘情愿resignationn.辞职,辞职书;放弃,顺从handinone’sresignation递交辞呈例句:TheMinisterresignedfromoffice.那位部长辞职了。Theteamrefusedtoresignthemselvestobeingdefeated.该队不甘心失败。Sheseemsresignedtonothavingaholidaythisyear.她对今年没有休假似乎并无怨言。Wehaven’tyetreceivedhisresignation.我们尚未收到他的辞职信。同类辨析resign与retire两者都含有“退职”的意义。(1)resign表示因对工作不满意或工作上的失职而自愿或被“辞退,辞去”了职务,常与from连用。(2)retire表示因年龄大或是身体状况不允许,按国家有关规定“退休”,并享受规定补助。例句:Heretiredfromthebusinesswhenhewas60.他60岁时退休了。【链接训练】①Afteranumberofdisagreementswiththecommittee,thechairmandecidedto_________.A.retireB.retreatC.withdrawD.resign【解析】retire意为“退休”;retreat意为“后退”;withdraw意为“撤退”;resign意为“辞职”。句意为:和委员会数次意见不合后,主席决定辞职。根据句意,选D。【答案】D②Youmustresignyourselfto________abitlonger.A.waitB.waitingC.waitedD.waitfor【解析】resignoneselftodoingsth.“只好做某事”,根据题意“你不得不再多等一会儿”,可知应选B。【答案】B5.conditionn.条件,情形,环境,社会地位;(pl.)(生活或工作的)条件,环境vt.以……为条件,使达到要求归纳拓展onconditionthat...条件是……;在……前提下onnocondition绝不要;绝不undertheconditionsof...在……的情况下beingood/poorcondition在好/坏的状况下beoutofcondition身体不适beinnoconditionto(身体状况)不适宜bein(a)condition(todoathing)能做、有做……的条件例句:Youcangooutonconditionthatyouwearacoat.你要穿上外套才能出去。Theshipisnotinaconditiontomakealongvoyage.此船的现状不适宜远航。Theanimalswereconditionedtoexpectfoodatthesoundofthebell.这些动物受训后一听见铃声就知道有食物可吃了。同类辨析condition,state与situation三者都含有“情况,状况”的意思。(1)condition作“情况,情形,条件”时,常指人或物目前的情况,常用复数形式。(2)state表示“状况,情况”时,常用单数形式,与冠词连用,构成ina...state或inthestateof...,指人或物在环境、外观、心灵、健康等方面的情形或状况。(3)situation常与in连用,表示“处于一种……状况”。例句:Heisinagoodstate.他身体健康。Theirlivingconditionswereterrible.他们的生活条件很差。Weareinadifficultsituation.我们正处于困境。【链接训练】①Ronlentmethemoneyon________thatIpayitbacknextmonth.A.conditionB.conditionsC.stateD.situation【解析】考查固定短语onconditionthat“条件是”,符合题意。句意为:罗恩借给我钱,条件是我下月还他。【答案】A②Schoolchildrenmustbetaughthowtodealwithdangerous________.A.statesB.conditionsC.situationsD.positions【解析】situation意为“形势,局面,情况”,表示“要教给学生如何处理危险情况”。state意为“状况,情形,形势”;condition意为“状态,状况,情形”;position意为“位置,方位,地点”。【答案】C要点二短语1.beatwarwith在与……交战中归纳拓展(1)acivil/coldwar内战/冷战gotowar宣战,进入战争状态make/declarewar(onsb.)向(某人)宣战(2)beat...表示“处于……状态/动作”的意思。类似的短语还有:atpeace处于和平状态atschool/work在上学/上班attable在吃饭attrouble/risk处于困境中/在冒险例句:Atthattime,ChinaandJapanwereatwar,sotravellingwasextremelydifficult.当时,中日双方正在打仗,因此旅行(变得)极其困难。GermanyhasbeenatpeacewithFrancefor50years.德国与法国已和平相处了50年。Peopleintheworlddon’twanttogotowartosettletheinternationaldisputes.世界各国人民不想诉诸武力去解决国际争端。【链接训练】Whenhecamebackfromabroad,ourcountrywas