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Unit1Passagea4.Fillintheblankswiththewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.applaudmirrorentailstriveconsequentlysupposedlydevalueflexibilityobligationfulfill1.Taxesarea(n)____________whichmayfalloneverybody.2.We____________theauthority'sdecisionnottoclosethehospital.3.Thedoctor'sinstructionsmustbe____________exactly;thesickman'slifedependsonit.4.Dotheseopinionpollsreally____________whatpeoplearethinking?5.Iprefertothinkofmemorizationasastepping-stoneto____________inuseofwordsandphrases.6.Inherofficememosshetendedto____________theworkdonebyherstaff.7.Thehistoryofrailroadtransporthaspartlybeenahistoryof____________forgreaterefficiencyandprofit.8.Hetookonthenewpostwithouthavingthefaintestideaofwhatit____________.9.Heis____________oneofthegreatestexpertsinthatfield.10.Absolutesecrecyisessential.____________,thefewerwhoareawareoftheprojectthebetter.Answer:1.obligation2.applauded3.fulfilled4.mirror5.flexibility6.devalue7.striving8.entailed9.supposedly10.Consequently5.Completethefollowingsentenceswithwordsorexpressionsfromthepassage.Changetheformwherenecessary.1Thisperiodisusually____________thepostwarperiod.2Itwouldbeasetback____________ifweweredeniedtheuseoftheirsoftware.3Wemakepeoplementallyoldbyretiringthem,andwemayeven____________makethemphysicallyold.4Iknowthatthepublic____________aren'tinterestedinthisissue.5Mysisterwasalways____________tome____________amodelchild.Answer:1.referredtoas2.atbest3.bythesametoken4.atlarge5.heldup...as7.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1.随着职务的提升，他担负的责任也更大了。(takeon)Answer:Withhispromotion,hehastakenongreaterresponsibilities.2.他感到没有必要再一次对约翰承担这样的责任了。(makeacommitment)Answer:HefelthedidnothavetomakesuchacommitmenttoJohnanymore.3.闲暇时玛丽喜欢外出购物，与她相反，露茜却喜欢待在家里看书。(asopposedto)Answer:Marylikestogoshoppinginhersparetime,asopposedtoLucy,whopreferstostayathomereading.4.说得好听一些，可以说他有抱负，用最糟糕的话来说，他是一个没有良心(conscience)且没有资格的权力追求者。(atbest,atworst)Answer:Atbesthe'sambitious,andatworstapower-seekerwithoutconscienceorqualifications.5.我们已尽全力想说服他，但是却毫无进展。(strive,makenoheadway)Answer:Wehavestriventothefulltoconvincehim,butwehavemadenoheadway.8.ReadandcomparetheEnglishsentences,payingattentiontotheitalicizedpartsandtranslatetheChinesesentencesbysimulatingthestructureoftheEnglishsentences.1.Itseemsthattheonlytimefathersmeritattentioniswhentheyarecriticizedfornothelpingenoughwiththehousework...orwhentheydie.看起来似乎父亲唯一值得人们提及的是因为他们做家务太少而受到指责的时候（我怀疑这一说法的可靠性，因为“家务”的定义中很少包括打扫屋顶的雨水沟，给汽车换机油或其他一些典型的由男人们做的事），或者是在他们去世的时候2.Oneexceptiontothe“unnecessaryfather”syndromeistheglowingmediaattentionthatathomedadshavereceived.这种“无需父亲”综合征的一个例外是家庭全职父亲所受到的媒体的赞扬。3.Bythesametoken,solewageearnershavelessflexibilitywhenitcomestoleavingunsatisfyingcareersbecauseofthelossofincomesuchajobchangeentails.同样，家庭唯一的工资收入者在想辞去不太满意的工作时，其灵活程度也要小一些，因为这种工作变换会使他们失去收入。4.Today,thereiswidespreadagreementamongresearchersthattheabsenceoffathersformhouseholdscausesseriousproblemsforchildren,forsocietyatlarge.目前，研究者们普遍认为家庭中没有父亲会对小孩——继而也对整个社会——带来严重的问题。5.Asasociety,weneedtorealizethatfathersarejustasimportanttochildrenasmothersare—notonlyforfinancialsupport,butforemotionalsupport,educationanddisciplineaswell.作为一个社会，我们需要认识到，对于孩子来说，父亲是与母亲同等重要的，不仅仅在经济支持上，而且在感情依靠、教育和纪律训导方面都是如此。Passageb3.Fillintheblankswiththewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.sackexpansivenessspheresustainsourcluedefinedepressiondivisionequality1.Somepeopledo,andsomepeopledonot,believein____________ofopportunity.2.Hebravely____________agreatlossfromthedeathofhisfather.3.Policehavestillfoundno____________astothewhereaboutsofthemissingwoman.4.Indesigningabridge,onemustallowfor____________inhotweather.5.Oneoftheworkmenwas____________forhisalwaysbeingdrunk.6.Whenboundariesbetweencountriesarenotclearly____________,thereisusuallytrouble.7.Gardeningisoutsidethe____________ofmyactivities.8.Shesaidthatthehatmademelooksilly,butperhapsthatwas____________grapes.9.Thenewspapersarefullofsuch____________newsnowadaysascrime,naturaldisasters,andrisingprices.10.The____________oftheworldintodevelopedandunderdevelopednationsisagrosssimplification.Answer:1.equality2.sustained3.clue4.expansiveness5.sacked6.defined7.sphere8.sour9.depressing10.division4.Completethefollowingsentenceswithwordsorexpressionsfromthepassage.Changetheformwherenecessary.1.Toomuchsociallifegot____________ofherstudies.2.Anndidwhatshecouldtokeepthemarriagefrom____________.3.Police____________murderbutarestillholdingseveralpeopleforquestioning.4.Ifyougoonburningyourselfout____________,you'llinjureyourhealth.5.Asaresultofhisgrandfather'sinfluence,John____________artwhileatschool.Answer:1.intheway2.fallingapart3.haveruledout4.atthisrate5.tookup6.TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoChinese.Mountingevidencesuggeststhatmenandwomenthinkdifferently,andthisseemstoholdtrueintheunfortunatecaseofprejudice.NewresearchbyevolutionarypsychologistsatMichiganStateUniversitysuggeststhatprejudiceinmentendstobelinkedtoaggression,whileprejudiceinwomentendstobelinkedtofear.Theseresearchersproposea“malewarriorhypothesis”inordertoexplainhowourhistory