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-1-UNIT1OxfordUniversity牛津大学OxfordUniversityistheoldestuniversityinBritainandoneoftheworld'smostfamousinstitutionsofhigherlearning.OxfordUniversitywasestablishedduringthe1100's.ItislocatedinOxford,England,about80kilometersnorthwestofLondon.牛津大学是英国最古老的大学，也是世界最著名的高等学府。牛津大学始建于12世纪。它位于英格兰的牛津，在伦敦西北约80公里处。Theuniversityhasover16,300students(1999-2000),almostaquarterofthesestudentsarefromoverseasandmorethan130nationalitiesarerepresented.Itconsistsof35colleges,plusfiveprivatehallsestablishedbyvariousreligiousgroups.Threeofthefiveprivatehallsareformenonly.Ofthecolleges,St.Hilda'sandSomervilleareforwomen,andtherestareformenandwomen.牛津大学有16,300多名学生（1999－2000），其中留学生占将近四分之一。他们来自130多个国家。牛津大学有35个学院，还有5个由不同宗教团体建立的私人学院。5个私人学院中，有3个只招男生。学院中，圣希尔达和萨默维尔学院只收女生，其他均为男女兼收。AtOxford,eachcollegeisacorporatebodydistinctfromtheuniversityandisgovernedbyitsownheadandfellows.Mostfellowsarecollegeinstructorscalledtutors,andtherestareuniversityprofessorsandlecturers.Eachcollegemanagesitsownbuildingsandproperty,electsitsownfellows,andselectsandadmitsitsownundergraduatestudents.Theuniversityprovidessomelibraries,laboratories,andotherfacilities,butthecollegestakeprimaryresponsibilityfortheteachingandwell-beingoftheirstudents.牛津的每个学院都是独立于大学的实体，由该学院的院长和管委会成员负责管理。部分管委会成员都称为导师的学院教师，其余的是大学教授和讲师。每个学院管理自己的房产和资产，遴选自己的管委会，选择和招收自己的本科生。大学提供某些图书馆、实验室和其他设施，但教学和学生生活主要由各学院负责。EachstudentatOxfordisassignedtoatutor,whosupervisesthestudent'sprogramofstudy,primarilythroughtutorials.Tutorialsareweeklymeetingsofoneortwostudentswiththeirtutor.Studentsmayseeothertutorsforspecializedinstruction.Theymayalsoattendlecturesgivenbyuniversityteachers.Studentschoosewhichlecturestoattendonthebasisoftheirownspecialinterestsandontheadviceoftheirtutors.牛津大学给每个学生指定一个导师，他主要通过辅导课监督学生的学习。导师每周和1到2名学生见面一次，学生如需专业指导，还可以去约见其他的导师，也可选听大学老师讲授的课程。学生选听什么课程是根据自己的兴趣和导师的建议而定的。Theuniversity,nottheindividualcolleges,grantsdegrees.ThefirstdegreeintheartsorsciencesistheBachelorofArtswithhonors.Oxfordalsograntshigherdegrees,diplomas,andcertificatesinawidevarietyofsubjects.学位由大学授予，而不是各个学院。最低文科或理科学位是优等文学学士。牛津还在其他众多学科领域授予最高的学位，颁发文凭和证书。TheRhodesscholarshipprogramenablesstudentsfromtheUnitedStates,Canada,andmanyothernationstostudyatOxfordforaminimumoftwoyears.TheBritishgovernmentgrantsMarshallscholarshipstocitizensoftheUnitedStatesforstudyatOxfordandotheruniversitiesthatarelocatedinBritain.-2-罗兹德奖学金面向美国、加拿大和很多其他国家的学生，为他们提供至少两年的牛津学习费用。英国政府为在牛津和其他英国境内的大学里求学的美国公民提供马歇尔奖学金。Thecompetitionforscholarshipsandgrantsis,however,extremelystrongandthereareusuallystrictrequirements.Studentsshouldcheckcarefullythattheyareeligibletoapplyforaparticularscholarshipbeforemakinganapplicationasmostoftheschemesarerestrictedtocertainnationalitiesand/orprograms.然而，奖学金和助学金的竞争极其激烈，而且通常要求很严。学生们在申请某一项奖学金之前应仔细核查是否有资格，因为多数奖学金对学生国籍和（或）课程都有限制。ThestudentsandstaffatOxfordareactivelyinvolvedinover55initiatives(2001),includingvisitstomorethan3,700schoolsandcolleges,toencouragethebrightestandbeststudentstoapplytoOxford,whatevertheirbackground.牛津师生员工积极参与主动招生的活动，2001年这种活动有55项以上，包括走访3,700所中学，以鼓励优秀学生报考牛津大学，而不管其背景如何。TheuniversityhasbeennamedtheUK'smostinnovativeuniversityintheLaunchit2001competition,whichaimedtodiscoverwhichBritishuniversityhasdemonstratedthegreatestachievementsininnovationandenterpriseacrossthebroadestrangeofactivity.InthenationalTeachingQualityAssessmentexercisesfor2000,Oxfordwasawardedtopmarksinsixoutoftensubjectsassessed.在2001年度的创新竞赛中，牛津大学被授予英国最具创新精神的大学称号。该竞赛旨在发现哪一所英国大学在最广的领域内取得了创新和进取的最大成就。在2000年全英教学质量评估中，牛津在所评估的10个科目中有6科得分高居榜首。Oxford,StanfordandYaleUniversitieshaverecentlybecomepartnersinajoint'distancelearning'venture,theAllianceforLifelongLearning,whichwillprovideonlinecoursesintheartsandsciences.牛津、斯坦福和耶鲁三所大学最近合作开发了远程学习项目终生学习联盟，该项目将提供文科和理科的在线课程。ThemissionofOxfordistoaimatachievingandmaintainingexcellenceineveryareaofitsteachingandresearch,maintaininganddevelopingitshistoricalpositionasaworld-classuniversity,andenrichingtheinternational,national,andregionalcommunitiesthroughthefruitsofitsresearchandtheskillsofitsgraduates.牛津的使命是在教学和研究的各个领域达到并保持领先地位，保持和加强其世界名校的历史地位，通过其研究成果和毕业生的技能促进地区、全国和全球的发展。Insupportofthisaimtheuniversitywillprovidethefacilitiesandsupportforitsstafftopursueinnovativeresearchbyrespondingtodevelopmentsintheintellectualenvironmentandsocietyatlarge;andpromotechallengingandrigorousteachingwhichbenefitsfromafruitfulinteractionwiththeresearchenvironment,facilitatingtheexchangeofideasthroughtutorialsandsmall-grouplearningandexploitingtheUniversity'sresourcesinitslibraries,museums,andscientificcollections,toequipitsgraduatestoplaytheirpartatanationalandinternationallevel.为了实现这个目标，学校将针对知识环境和整个社会发展的需要，为员工提供进行创新研究所需的设施和支持；提倡既富革新精神又严格认真的教学，使教学与研究环境卓有成效地互动从而推动教学；通过导师指导和小组学习加速思想的交流，通过开发学校图书馆、博物馆以及科学收藏方面的资源，使毕业生能在国内和国际上一展身手打下基础。-3-UNIT2YourDreamJob:AClickAway鼠标轻点，美梦成真Lessthanamonthfromgraduationday,TheresaSmithofNorthwesternUniversityinEvanston,Illinois,hadyettofindtherightjob.Thecareerplacementcenterreferredtheliberal-artsmajortoJOB-TRAK,anInternetsitelisting45,000entry-levelpositions.还有不到一个月就要毕业了，特里萨·史密斯还没找到合适的工作，她就读于位于伊利诺州