電子化供應鏈管理e-SupplyChainManagement王立志博士Li-ChihWang,Ph.D.東海大學工業工程系所教授東海大學工業自動化中心主任3/21/2000大綱1.供應鏈管理(SCM)觀念介紹2.供應鏈管理的策略規劃、流程與系統3.供應鏈管理、企業資源規劃(ERP)&先進規劃與排程(APS)4.供應鏈管理&企業電子化(EB)5.供應鏈管理系統發展程序6.案例介紹與經驗分享Copyright1999ProfessorLi-ChihWangTrendsforHighTechIndustry(source:GartnerGroup/DataQuest,1/10/2000)1.Focusonsupply-chainandInternetsolutionsExtendtheirinternalprocessestotheirtradingpartnersthroughextendedenterprisesolutions(EES).2.RedesignbusinessmodelsandnetworkinfrastructureAleanmodelofmanufacturingthatreliesheavilyonInternetsalesandsupplychainintegrationwithpartnersisthekey.Copyright1999ProfessorLi-ChihWang1.供應鏈管理觀念介紹(ConceptofSupplyChainManagement)Copyright1999ProfessorLi-ChihWangSupplyChainManagementistheprocessofmanagingtheflowofmaterial,serviceandinformationacrossdistributedbusinessprocessesforthepurposeofrespondingtoandsatisfyingmarketdemand.ObjectiveofAnEffectiveSupply-ChainManagementProvideourcustomerswiththehighestdegreeofcustomerservicelevelundertheminimumcost東海工工王立志博士製造系統規劃實驗室企業的物流與資訊流反應其運籌特性(MaterialandInformationFlowsReflectTheCharacteristicsofLogistics)Copyright1999ProfessorLi-ChihWang2.供應鏈管理的策略規劃、流程與系統(SCMStrategicPlanning,ProcessandSystem)Copyright1999ProfessorLi-ChihWang(1).SCMStrategicPlanningCopyright1999ProfessorLi-ChihWang(2).SCMManagementProcessTotalOrderManagementCopyright1999ProfessorLi-ChihWang運籌與供應鏈管理的核心流程─全面訂單管理流程(CoreProcessofLogistics/SCMManagement─TotalOrderManagementProcess)全面訂單管理流程目的ObjectiveofTotalOrderManagementProcess從接到顧客訂單開始到應收帳款處理為止的整體管理流程中能妥善有效的分配企業的有限資源(Theresourcesinvolvedintheorveallmanagementprocessstartingfromordertakingtoaccountreceivablecanbefullyandoptimizedallocatedandutilized)。Anefficientandeffectivedecisionmodel&APSisrequiredtoachievetheobjectiveofTOM東海工工王立志博士製造系統規劃實驗室(3).SCMSystemFrameworkCopyright2000ProfessorLi-ChihWang系統功能的觀點,主要根據前述管理與作業流程,探討其系統與上下游廠商的搭配,解析企業供給鏈管理系統的功能,及功能間的互動關係。ALIGNMENTOFBusiness/Management/OperationProcessDataInformationSystem(ITEnabler)Copyright1999ProfessorLi-ChihWang3.供應鏈管理、企業資源規劃&先進規劃與排程(SCM,ERP&APS)Copyright1999ProfessorLi-ChihWang先進規劃與排程系統(AdvancedPlanning&Scheduling;APS)為能真正滿足顧客訂單與充分的利用企業的有限資源,除了ERP之外,還需要有適合且先進的整體規劃系統(APS),以進行企業整體供需規劃及不同層次的生產規劃與排程。APS的特色包括同步規劃(synchronizedconcurrentplanning)、考慮資源限制下的規劃(constraint-basedplanning)、最佳化規劃(optimizationplanning)、即時性規劃(real-timeplanning)以及支援決策能力(decisionsupportability),它改進了傳統MRP運算邏輯的錯誤與不準確性,以規劃出最佳化的規劃結果。Copyright1999ProfessorLi-ChihWangSomeCommercialAvailableAPSSoftwareinTaiwan1.i22.Manugistics3.PaceMaker4.Thru-Put(TOC-based)限制理論(TheoryofConstraints;TOC)背景–限制理論(TOC)為Dr.EliyahuGoldratt於1986年創立(OPTTheGoalOPTThoughtwareSynchronousProductionTOC)ThreeTOC-basedBusinessNovels1.TheGoal(目標;天下文化出版):EnhanceProductionManagement2.It’snotLuck(絕不是靠運氣;天下文化出版):EnhanceSales&Marketing3.CriticalChain:ProductDevelopmentIntegration•用來充分表達企業是否賺錢的目標及作為發展工廠基本營運原則的三個衡量指標:有效產出(throughput)—整個系統透過「銷售」(不是生產)而獲得金錢的速率。存貨(inventory)—整個系統投資在採購上的金錢,而採購是為了我們打算賣出去的東西。營運費用(operationalexpense)—整個系統為了將「存貨」轉換為「有效產出」而花的錢。•企業的「目標」—增加「有效產出」,但同時降低「存貨」和減少「營運費用」。三種基本限制ThreeFundamentalConstraints•內部資源限制(internalresourceconstraints):可為瓶頸或產能限制資源;它決定了整個工廠所有可用資源的的步調(pace)。•市場限制(marketconstraints):當市場需求小於所有設備的最小可用產能時;市場決定了生產的的步調。•政策上的限制(policyconstraints):例如各站間WIP的上限。TOC的五個循環步驟(FiveStepsofTOC)•找出系統的限制(Identifytheconstraint)•決定如何最恰當的使用限制(Decidehowtoexploittheconstraint)•全力配合步驟(2)所採取的措施(SubordinateeverythingelsetotheactiontakeninStep2)•突破、提昇或化解限制(Elevatetheconstraint)•若限制已於步驟(4)化解,則回到步驟(1),不要讓系統中原有其他資源的“惰性”變成新的限制DBR(DrumBufferRope)排程方法主要即利用TOC五個循環步驟的步驟(1)、(2)及(3)。Communication(Rope)ABCDEFGMarketBottleneck(Drum)Inventory(Buffer)RopeRopeABCDEFGMarketCapacityConstrainedResourceBufferGFGBufferoffinishedgoods全面訂單管理系統的實現有賴於ERP,APS與MES間的確實整合(TOMSystemCanBeAccomplishedThroughSeamlessIntegrationofERP,APSandMES)東海工工王立志博士製造系統規劃實驗室快速回應(QuickResponse)快速回應(QuickResponse﹔QR):藉由加速資訊流動的速度,使整個配銷通路/網絡(從工廠生產到最終消費者)的產品流動/周轉率增加。QR/CR的主要目的在於將正確的資訊,在正確的時間送達正確的人手中,以作為正確決策之依據。QR希望做到讓顧客由下單至收到貨品的前置時間愈短愈好(快速回應「產品Product」)。QR希望做到讓顧客能即時掌握與其訂單有關的所有重要資訊,以利於顧客作更有效益的規劃與控制(快速回應「資訊Information」)。Copyright2000ProfessorLi-ChihWang供應鏈管理系統的關鍵在企業整合(EnterpriseIntegration)Copyright1999ProfessorLi-ChihWangEAI&TraditionalMiddlewareSolutionsMiddlewareapproachMiddelwarefacilitatestheintegrationofindividualapplicationsanddiscretetransactionsbetweenthem.EAIapproachEAIenablesanenterprisetomanagerelationshipsamongmultipleapplicationsandthesurroundingnetworkoftransactionsthatconstituteabusinessprocess.4.供應鏈管理&企業電子化(SCM&ElectronicBusiness)Copyright1999ProfessorLi-ChihWangWhatareEC&EB?(source:GartnerGroup)ElectronicCommerce:ECinvolvestheuseofcommunicationtechnologies(e.g.,telephoneandinternet)totransmitbusinessinformationandtransactbusiness.ElectronicBusiness:EBcomprisesanyInternet-ornetwork-enabledbusinessactivitythattransformsinternalandexternalrelationshipstocreatevalueandexploitmarketopportunitiesdrivenbythenewrulesofthe“connectedeconomy”Copyright2000ProfessorLi-ChihWangWhatisCustomerRelationshipManagement?(source:GartnerGroup)CRMisanenterprisewidebusinessstrategydesignedtoop