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:2007212203:(1979),,,,3(:07BJY0770)(:NY207015)3(,210046):,,,,,,:;;:F062.9:A:167129301(2008)0120070209(VerticalRestraints),ReyVerg:,(Non2linear)(ResalePriceControl)(SlottingAllowance);,(Exclusivedealing)(ExclusiveTerritories)(Tying)[1]TiroleReyVerg,[2,1],,07()20081(32),,,(SlottingAllowances);,,,,?2006,,ReyVerg,(),()[1],,,,,,,,,,,[3],KellyLarivierePadmanabhanSullivan,,,,,[426]ShafferMacAvoyMarxShaffer,,[729],Gundl2achBloom,[10][11],()90,Desiraju160[12],,[13]Shaffer,,Shaffer,,[7],,,,[14]MacAvoy,,,[8],Bloom,GundlachCannon,,Bloom17INDUSTRIALECONOMICSRESEARCH,[15]FarrisAilawadi,SCP,,19721990,,,[16]MessingerNarasimhan,[17](BritishCompeti2tionCommission,BCC)2000,10,BCC(2000),:19891998,9.4%,DerekBaker,[18]Bloom,GundlachCannon,[15],1996,,,,,,,1977,,,,19,,,,2006,,,,,,,(BuyerPower)Chen,,,[19]1952,JohnKennethGalbraith,(countervailingpower),,,(2000)52,,(2005),(off2invoicetradepromotion),,;,,27,,,,(waterbedeffect)Katz,,,[20]Katz,,,;,,OpBrienKatz,,Katz;,Katz[21],,,Fox,,[22],,Elizabeth,,,,[23],,1914Clayton,,Clayton,,,1936Robinson-PatmanClayton,(ResalePriceMaintenance),,(PriceCeiling)(PriceFloors)RPM,RPM,[2];RPM,[24];RPM,,[25],Yamey,RPM[26]Yamey18851906,,,Bertrand,RPM,RPM,,RPMMarvelMcCaffertyRPMRPM,RPM,RPM,,RPM,,37INDUSTRIALECONOMICSRESEARCH[25]Gilligan43RPM,RPM[27]Gil2ligan,RPM,RPMOrnsteinHanssensRPM,RPM,[28]Oster[29],(FTC),LeviStraussRPM300,7200LeviStrauss,Ippolito203RPM,86.9%,6.9%[30]IppolitoRPM,9.8%,()1311%,HerschSchwegmannBrother,RPM,[31],,RPM,RPMRPM,RPM,RPM,,,,RPM(ResalePricesAct),1970,,(CommunityPharmacyActionGroup),,,1995,(OfficeofFairTrading),,20015RPM,RPM19957,ReebokandRockport,,RPMRPM(PerseIllegal),(RuleofReason),,,,,,,,,,,,(ExclusiveTerritories),,,,KleinMurphyMarvelMcCafferty[32233],,47,,Dutta[34],,Dutta,(),,Dob2sonWatersonComanorRey,(ExclusiveSupplyContracts),,,,[35236],,Santiago116,,,[37]JordanJaffeeCulbertsonBradfordIndianaNewJersey,,11%12%[38],SassandSaurman,,19481990Indiana,,,[39]MixonIndiana,,,Dutta,[34],Dutta,,,1977Sylva2nia(1)1996,ToysRUs,ToysRUs,,,ToysRUs,ToysRUs,,,Dutta,,,[34]11963,WhiteMotor1967Schwinn,1974,1977SylvaniaSchwinn,1982,,57INDUSTRIALECONOMICSRESEARCH,,(2),,,??,,,,,,,,,2;,,;,;,,;,,,1985(VerticalRestraintsGuidelines),1996ToysRUsOrbitz,1997(GreenPaperonVerticalRestraintsinECCompetitionPolicy),200068132790/99,,ReyVerg(2005),20088,,,,,Lafontaine[40],,,,:(1),;(2);(3),,67:[1]REYP,TVERG*.Theeconomicsofverticalrestraints[R].IDEIworkingpaper,2005.[2]TIROLEJEAN.Thetheoryofindustrialorganization[M].Cambridge:TheMITPress,1989:172187.[3],.:[R].2007.[4]KELLYKENNETHH.Theantitrustanalysisofgroceryslottingallowancesandnewproductintroduction[J].JournalofPublicPolicy&Marketing,1991(2):173184.[5]LARIVIEREMARTINA,PADMANABHANV.Slottingallowancesandnewproductintroductions[J].MarketingSci2ence,1997(2):112128.[6]SULLIVANMARYW.Slottingallowancesandthemarketfornewproducts[J].JournalofLaw&Economics,1997(2):461493.[7]SHAFTERGREG.Slottingallowancesandretailpricemaintenance:acomparisonoffacilitatingpractices[J].RandJour2nalofEconomics,1991(P1):120135.[8]MACAVOYCHRISTOPHERJ.Enforcementpolicyregardingslottingallowances[R].ABASectionofAntitrustLaw,1997:122.[9]MARX,LESLIE,GREGSHAFFER.Upfrontpaymentsandexclusionindownstreammarkets[R].workingpaper,2004.[10]BLOOMPAUL,GREGORYGUNDLACH.Slottingallowancesandtheretailsaleofalcoholbeverages[J].JournalofPublicPolicy&Manufacturing,1998(2):173184.[11]DELOITTE,TOUCHE.Managingtheprocessofintroducinganddeletingproductsinthegroceryanddrugindustry[M].Washington,DC.:GroceryManufacturersofAmerica,1990:127130.[12]DESIRAJUR.Newproductintroductions,slottingallowancesandretailerdiscretion[J].JournalofRetailing,2001(77):335358.[13].[J].,2004(12).[14].[J].,2006(1).[15]BLOOMPAUL,GREGORYGUNDLACH,JOSEPHCANNON.Slottingallowancesandfees:schoolsofthoughtandtheviewsofpracticingmanagers[J].JournalofMarketing,2000(64):92108.[16]FARRISPW,AILAWADIK.Retailpower:monsterormouse?[J].JournalofRetailing,1992(4):351369.[17]MESSINGERP,NARASIMHAN.Haspowershiftedinthegrocerychannel?[J].MarketingScience,1995(14):189223.[18]DEREKBAKER.TheDanishfoodmarketingchain:developmentandpolicychoices[R].workingpaper,EB/OL,2003.[19]CHENZHIQI.Buyerpower:economictheoryandantitrustpolicy[R].workingpaper,Carletonuniversity,2006.[20]KATZML.Thewelfareeffectsofthirddegreepricediscriminationinintermediategoodsmarkets[J].AmericanEco2nomicReview,1987(77):154167.[21]OpBRIENP.Thewelfareeffectsofthirddegreepricediscriminationinintermediategoodsmarkets:thecaseofbargaining[R].workingpaper,FTC.[22]FOXAMARK.Marketpowerinmusicretailing:thecaseofWalMart[J].PopularMusicandSociety,2005(4):501519.[23]ELIZABETHM,etal.SupermarketsandtheirimpactsontheagrifoodsystemofBrazil:thecompetitionamongretailers[J].Agribusiness,2005(2):133147.[24]JULLIENB,PREY.Resalepricemaintenanceandcollusion[R].IDEIWorkingPaper,2000.[25]MARVELHP,SMCCAFFERTY.Resalepricemaintenanceandqualitycertification[J].RandJournalofEconomics1984(3):346359.[26]YAMEYBS.TheoriginsofResalepricemaintenance:astudyofthreebranchesofretailtrade[J].EconomicJournal,1952(62):522545.[27]GILLIGANT.Thecompetitiv