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DetailedReading1Unit1LectureNotes(forstudents)Words&Expressionsgetby:begoodenoughbutnotverygood;managetoliveordothingsinasatisfactoryway-Itisalittlebitdifficultfortheoldcoupletogetbyonsuchasmallpension.-我父母靠很少的钱将就着把日子过了下去。(=Myparentsmanagedtogetbyonasmallamountofmoney.)-Sheneverworksbutsomehowshegetsby.haul:vt.1.transport,aswithatruck,cart,etc.-Thefarmershaulvegetablestothemarketonatruckeverymorning.-救援队把药品和食物运到被淹的村庄。(=Therescueteamhauledmedicalsuppliesandfoodtothefloodedvillages.)2.pullordragsth.witheffortorforce-Acranehadtobeusedtohaulthecaroutofthestream.-Rescueworkershauledpassengersoutofthecrashedtrain.CF:haul,drag&pull这几个词都是动词，都有“拖”、“拉”、“拽”之意。haul指缓慢而费力地拖一极重之物，有时可表示很困难地拽。例如：-Lorrieshaulheavygoodsfromfactoriestoports.(=大卡车把沉重的货物从工厂运到港口。)drag指施力者在地面或表面上缓慢而沉重地把东西拖过一段距离，该词通常使人想到主动或被动的阻力。例如：-Youmightdragaheavyboxacrossthegroundifyoucouldn’tliftit.(=如果你提不动一个重箱子，你可以在地上拖着它走。)pull为最普通用词，可指朝各个方向拉，并不强调用力大小。该词后面可添加副词或副词词组具体描述拖拉动作的用力大小或方向等。例如：-Theypulledhardbuttherockremainedstock-still.(=他们使劲地拉，可那石头仍纹丝不动。)supplement:1.vt.addtosth.inordertoimproveit(followedbywith)-Petersupplementshisordinaryincomebywritingbooks.-医生建议在我的饮食中补充维生素E和A。(=ThedoctorsuggestedsupplementingmydietwithvitaminsEandA.)2.n.anadditionalamountofsth.-DoyoureadthecolorsupplementsoftheSundaynewspapers?(=你读周日报纸的彩色增刊吗？)-Shehasbeenillandmusthavesupplementstoherordinaryfood.spray:vt.forceoutliquidinsmalldropsupon(followedbywith)-I’llhavetospraytheroseswithinsecticidetogetridofthegreenfly(蚜虫).-TheysprayedthePresident’scarwithbullets.-汽车开过，溅了我一身水。DetailedReading2(=Acarwentpastandsprayedmewithwater.)pursue:vt.1.bebusywith;continue(steadily)with-Heispursuinghisstudiesattheuniversity.-AftergraduationMartinchosetopursuethesamecareerashisfatherasadoctor.2.followesp.inordertocatch,kill,ordefeat-Thepolicearepursuinganescapedprisoner.wicked:adj.evilorbad-Weareallborngood,butcanbetaughttobewicked.-他真邪恶。(=Thatwaswickedofhim.)-Ihavesuchawickedtoothache.getthrough:comesuccessfullytotheend-当地政府已采取一些措施以确保所有人顺利过冬。(=Thelocalgovernmenthastakensomemeasurestoensurethatallthepeoplewillgetthroughthewinter.)-Shegotthroughtheentranceexaminationandwasacceptedbythecollege.atthatpoint:atthatverymoment;rightthen-Thetrainwasnowonlyacoupleofyardsfromthekidsonthetrack.Atthatpoint,Anthonythrewhimselfforwardandpulledthemclear.-Themansuddenlyheldupaposter.Atthatpoint,allTVcameraswerepointedathim.onbalance:withallthingsconsidered-Onbalance,it’sprobablynotadvisabletochangethecompany’sname.-我想，总的来说我更喜欢新的操作系统。(=Ithink,onbalance,Ipreferthenewoperatingsystem.)NB:balance的反义词是imbalance。此外，与balance有关的其他搭配有：keepone’sbalance保持平衡loseone’sbalance失去平衡strikeabalance力求折中inthebalance不确定，成败或安危未定illustrate:vt.providewithvisualfeatures;clarifybyuseofexamples,etc.-Letmeuseanotherexampletoillustratethisdifficultpoint.digest:1.n.ashortaccountofwrittenmaterialsordata-Reader’sDigestisapopularmagazineintheUS.-Hewassobusythatheonlyreadaconcisedigestoftheirproject.DetailedReading32.v.1)changesth.intoaformthatthebodycanuse-玛丽吃肥肉不消化。(=Marycan’tdigestfat.)2)thinkaboutsth.carefullyandunderstandit-Iheardherspeech,butIhaven’tdigestedityet.-吸收新思想往往需要很长时间。(=Itoftentakeslongtimetodigestnewideas.)generate:vt.bringintoexistence;produce-煤燃烧时，产生热量。(=Whencoalburns,itgeneratesheat.)-ThewidespreaduseofSpanishinsomeAmericancitieshasgeneratedapublicdebateoverlanguageuseinthecountry.-Theteacher’sremarkgeneratedloudlaughter.insurance:n.guaranteeofcompensationforloss,damage,sickness,death,etc.inreturnforregularpayment-Doesyourinsurancecoverdamagebyflooding?-Ourfirmcarriesfireinsurance.Collocation：accidentinsurance意外保险medicalinsurance医疗保险privatehealthinsurance私人健康保险disabilityinsurance伤残保险socialinsurance社会保险unemploymentinsurance失业保险wholelifeinsurance终身人寿保险premium:n.asumofmoneypaidregularlytoaninsurancecompanytoprotectsb.againstsomeriskoflossordamage-Theemployersmaketheemployeespayforalargeportionoftheirhealthinsurancepremium.-Heiscomplainingthatcarinsurancepremiumshaveincreasedtoomuchthisyear.(=他抱怨说，今年汽车保险费增加得太多。)asidefrom:exceptfor;inadditionto(moreusualinAmericanEnglish;sameasapartfrom)-Asidefromanoccasionalgameoftennis,hedoesn’ttakeanyexercise.-Thiscompositionisgoodasidefromacoupleofspellingmistakes.-万籁俱寂，只有从远处偶尔传来汽车喇叭声。(=Everythingwasquiet,asidefromtheoccasionalsoundofacarhorninthedistance.)cutback:reduceinsizeoramountPattern:cutbacksth.;cutbackonsth.-Thegovernmenthascutbackondefensespending.DetailedReading4-我们反对任何削减教育预算的计划。(=Weopposeanyplanstocutback(on)educationbudget.)dineout:eatamealawayfromhome(usu.inarestaurant)-I’mgoingtodineoutwithPetertonight.-Withtheimprovementoflivingstandards,moreandmorepeopledineoutatweekends.suspect:1.v.1)believetobetrue,likelyorprobablePattern:suspectthat…-Istronglysuspectthatthey’retryingtogetridofme.2)believetobeguiltyPattern:suspectsb./sth.ofsth.-Thepolicesuspecthimofmurder.2.n.apersonwhoissuspectedofguilt,esp.inacrime-Thepolicehavearrestedtwosuspectsinconnectionwiththebankrobbery.3.adj.ofuncertaintruth,quality,etc.-Thatisarathersuspectanswer;Idon’tbelieveit.budget:n.aplanofhowtoarrangeprivateorpubl