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1大学英语四级模拟试卷PartI.ReadingComprehension(40%)Directions:Thereare4readingpassagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestions.ForeachquestiontherearefoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosethebestanswertoeachquestion.Passage1Everycountrytendstoacceptitsownwayoflifeasbeingnormaloneandtopraiseorcriticizeothersastheyaresimilartoordifferentfromit.Andunfortunately,ourpictureofthepeopleandthewayoflifeofothercountriesisoftenadistortedone.Hereisagreatargumentinfavoroftravelingabroadandlearningforeignlanguages.Itisonlybytravelingorlivinginacountryandgettingtoknowitsinhabitantsandtheirlanguagethatonecanfindoutwhatacountryanditspeoplearelike.Andhowdifferenttheknowledgeonegainsthiswayfrequentlyturnsouttobefromthesecond-handinformationgatheredfromothersources!Howoftenwefindthattheforeignerswhomwethoughttobesuchdifferentpeoplefromourselvesarenotverydifferentafterall.Differencesbetweenpeoplesdo,ofcourse,existand,onehopes,willalwayscontinuetoexist.Theworldwillbeadullplaceindeedwhenallthedifferentnationalitiesbehaveexactlyalike,andsomepeoplemightsaythatwearerapidlyapproachingthisstateofaffairs.WithalmostthewholeofWesternEuropebelongingtotheEuropeanEconomicCommunity(EEC)andtheincreasingstandardizationthisbringsabout,plusthemuchgreaterrapidityandeaseoftravel,theremightseemsometruthinthis—atleastasfarasEuropeisconcerned.Howeverthismaybe,atlestthegreatereaseoftraveltodayhasrevealedtomorepeoplethaneverbeforethattheEnglishmanorFrenchmanorGermanisnotsomedifferentanimalfromthemselves.1.Thepassageismostlyconcernedwiththeissueof____.A.advantagesoftheEECB.attitudestowardsothercountriesC.learningforeignlanguagesD.differencesamongpeople2.Accordingtotheauthor,____.A.ourknowledgeofotherculturesarealwayswrongB.readingbooksaboutothercountriesisthesafestwayofunderstandingtheirpeoplesC.therearemoresimilaritiesthandifferencesamongdifferentpeopleD.therearemoredifferencesthansimilaritiesamongdifferentpeople3.SomepeoplethinkthatEuropeanpeoplesareidentifyingthemselveswitheachotherbecauseofthefollowingEXCEPT_____.A.theestablishmentoftheEEC2B.thegreaterrapidityandeaseoftravelC.theincreasingstandardizationD.therapidindustrialization4.Theclause“Howeverthismaybe”suggeststhat____.A.theauthorisgoingtointroduceanewideaB.theauthorisabouttoavoidanyconclusionC.theauthorisabouttogiveuphisownpointofviewD.theauthorwillsticktohisownpointofview5.Thepassageseemstoattachimportanceto____.A.thegreatereaseoftravelnowadaysthanbeforeB.theuncontrollabletendencytoidentificationC.thesimilaritiesintermsofwayoflifebetweendifferentculturesD.thedifferencesbetweenEuropeanpeoplesandothernationsPassage2Themoretimescientistsspenddesigningcomputersthemoretheymarvelatthehumanbrain.Tasksthatbaffle（难住）themostadvancedsupercomputer—recognizingaface,readingahandwrittennote—arechild’splayforthe3-poundorgan.Mostimportant,unlikeanyconventionalcomputer,thebraincanlearnfromitsmistakes.Researchershavetriedforyearstoprogramcomputerstoimitatethebrain’sabilities,butwithoutsuccess.Nowagrowingnumberofdesignersbelievetheyhavetheanswer:ifacomputeristofunctionmorelikeapersonandlesslikeanover-growncalculatoritmustbebuiltmorelikeabrain,whichdistributesinformationacrossavastinterconnectedwebofnervecells,orneurons.Conventionalcomputersfunctionbyfollowingachainlikesequenceofdetailedinstructions.Althoughveryfast,theirprocessorscanperformonlyonetaskatatime.Thisapproachworksbestinsolvingproblemsthatcanbebrokendownintosimplerlogicalpieces.Theprocessorsinaneural-networkcomputer,bycontrast,formanetworkmuchlikethenervecellsinthebrain.Sincetheseartificialneuronsareinterconnected,theycanshareinformationandperformtasksatthesametime.Thistwo-dimensionalapproachworksbestatrecognizingpatterns.Insteadofprogramminganeural-networkcomputertomakedecisions,itsmakertrainsittorecognizepatternsinanysolutiontoaproblembyrepeatedlyfeedingexamplestothemachine.Neuralnetworkscomeinallshapesandsizes.Untilnowmostexistedassoftwaresimulations（模拟品）becauseredesigningcomputerchipstookalotoftimeandmoney.Byexperimentingwithdifferentapproachesthroughsoftwareratherthanhardware,scientistshavebeenabletoavoidcostlymistakes.6.Itcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraphthatthemostadvancedsupercomputer____.A.canrecognizeafaceandreadahandwrittennote3B.canlearnfromitsmistakesC.weighonly3poundsD.cannotdistributeinformationacrossaninterconnectedwebofnervecells7.WhatisNOTtrueofaconventionalcomputer?A.Itmustbeprogrammedbeforeitworks.B.Itcanonlysolveoneproblematatime.C.Itisgoodatsolvingoneproblematatime.D.Itistrainedtorecognizepatternsinsteadofmakingdecisions.8.Themainfeatureofaneural-networkcomputeristhat____.A.itsprocessorsactasaninterconnectedwebofneutronsB.itisprogrammedtomakedecisionsC.itsnetworksareofallshapesandsizesD.itsneuronsareartificial9.Theexpression“thistwo-dimensionalapproach”inthesecondparagraphrefersto____.A.theconventionalcomputerandtheneuralcomputerB.makingdecisionsandrecognizingpatternsC.sharinginformationandperformingtasksD.thecomputerandthehumanbrain10.Scientistsusesoftwareratherthanhardwareintheirexperimentsbecause____.A.itcanavoidredesig