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Uint1II.BasicListeningPractice1.ScriptM:I’mbesidemyselfwithjoy.I’msolucky.Guesswhat?I’vewonalitofmoneyinthelottery.W:Yeah?Well,youdoknowthatmoneyistherootofallevil,right?Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?2.ScriptW:Marywasfurious.Hersonwreckeduphercar.M:Heshouldn’thavedrivenacarwithoutadriver’slicense.He‘sstilltakingdrivinglesson.Q:WhatdoweknowaboutMary’sson?3.ScriptM:Susan,Ihearyou’regoingtomarrythatguy.Somepeoplethinkyou’llregretit.W:Isthatso?Onlytimetell.Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?4.ScriptM:Mary,IjustwanttosayhowsorryIwastolearnofyourmother’spassing.Iknowhowcloseyoutwowere?W:Thankyou.Itwassosudden.I’MstillinastateofshockIdon’tknowwhattodo.Q:Whichoffollowingistrue?5.ScriptW:Igetfuriousatworkwhenmyopinionsaren’tconsideredjustbecauseI’mawoman.M:Youshouldairyourviewmoreemphaticallyanddemandthatyourvicebeheard.Q:Whatisthewomancomplainingabout?Keys:1.C2.B3.D4.A5.DIII.ListeningInTask1:Softanswersturnawaywrath.Mary:Dam!You’respilledredwineonme.Mynewdressisruined.John:I’mterriblesorry!WhatcanIdotohelp?Here’ssomewatertowashitoff.Mary:Stopsplashingwateronme!Oh,thisissoembarrassing!I’mamess.John:Well,youdolookalittleupset.Pleasedon’tblowup.Don’tloseyourcool.Mary:Hmm,you’vegotthenervetalkinglikethat!Whoshouldn’tflyoffthehandle?Thisdresscostafortune.John:Youlookreallycutewhenyou’remad.Ikidyounot.Somepeopledolookattractivewhentheyareinarage.Mary:Thisisveryexpensivedress.Isavedformonthstobuyit,andnowit’sruined.Lookatthisstain!John:Accidentsdohappen.Givemeyourdress,andI’lltakeittothecleaners.Mary:Sure!Youwantmetotakeitoffrighthereinpublicandgiveittoyou?Idon’tevenknowyou!John:Thismightbeareallygooftimetogetacquainted.I’mJohnOwen.Mary:Mmm,atleastyou’repolite.IguessIreallyshouldn’thaveflaredup.Afterall,itwasanaccident.I’mMaryHarvey.John:Comeon.I’lltakeyouhome.Youcanchangeyourclothes,andI’llgetthedresscleanedforyou.Mary:Nowyou’retalking.Thanks.You’rearealgentleman.John:You’dbetterbelieveit.I’mgladtoseethatyou’vecooleddown.Feellookabitetoeatafterward?I’mstarving.Mary:Ok.You’reprettygood.I’mnotnearlyasmad.Ifyoucangetthisstainout,I’llbeveryhappy.John:I’lltrymybest.ButifIcan’tgetthestainout,pleasedon’tletyourhappinessturntowrath.1.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthedialog?2.Whydoesthewomangetangry?3.Whatdoesthemansaytopleasethewomanwhenshelooksangry?4.Whydoesthewomansaythemanisarealgentleman?5.Whatistheman’sfinalproposal?Keys:1D2.A3.C4.B5.CTask2:BigJohniscoming!ScriptAbarownerintheOldWesthasjusthiredatimidbartender.This(S1)owneroftheestablishmentisgivinghisnewhiresomeinstructionson(S2)runningtheplace.Hetellsthetimidman,“IfyoueverhearthatBigJohniscomingtotown,(S3)dropeverythingandrunforthehills!He’sthebiggest,nastiest(S4)outlawwho’severlived!”Afewweekspass(S5)uneventfully.Butoneafternoon,alocalcowhandcomesrunningthroughtown(S6)yelling,“BigJohniscoming!Runforyour(S7)lives!”Whenthebartenderleavesthebartostartrunning,heisknockedtothegroundbyseveraltownspeoplerushingoutoftown.(S8)Ashe’spickinghimselfup,heseesalargeman,almostsevenfeettall.He’smuscular,andisgrowingasheapproachesthebar.Hestepsuptothedoor,ordersthepoorbarkeepinside,anddemands,“IwantabeerNOW!”Hestrikeshisheavyfistonthebar,splittingitinhalf.(S9)Thebartendernervouslyhandsthebigmanabeer,handsshaking.Hetakesthebeer,bitesthetopofthebottleoff,anddownsthebeerinonegulp.Astheterrifiedbartenderhidesbehindthebar,thebigmangetsuptoleave,“Doyouwantanotherbeer?”thebartenderasksinatremblingvoice.“Dangit,Idon’thavetime!”thebigmanyells,(S10)“Igottogetoutoftown!Don’tyouhearBigJohniscoming?”Task3:AViewofHappinessScriptDr.Smithhasproposedareasonable,ifperhapssomewhatoversimplifies,viewofhappiness.Accordingtohistheory,happinessmightbedescribedasastateifbalance.Andwhenhumanorcertainanimalsachievethatbalance,theyrendtoremaininthatconditioninordertorepeatthehappyfeeling.Toillustratethis,wemaystudytwomagnets.Whentheirpositiveandnegativepolesmeet,theyarecomfortablyjoined,andtheyremainthere.Inotherwords,theyhaveattainedabalanceorstateofhappiness.Ifontheotherhand,oneofthepolesisreversed,andpositivepoleispressesagainstpositivepole,thereisresistance,instability,imbalanceastateofunhappiness.Animalswithsomedegreeofintelligenceseemtofindhappinessinreinforcement.Oncetheyhavegainedoneormoreoftheirgoalssuchasfood,andwater,theylearntorepeattheactionsthatledtosatisfactionofthosegoals.Thisrepetitionorreinforcementproducesastateofbalanceorsenseofhappiness.Accordingtothistheory,onlyanimalswithasignificantcapacitytolearnshouldbeabletoexperiencehappiness.Butintruthlearningcantakeplacethroughsurprisinglysimpleshort-termactionsuchasscratchinganitch,followedbypleasure,followedbymorescratching,andsoon.Thuslearningcanoccurwithalmostnoconsciousthought.Forhumanbeings,blessedwiththeabilitytoreason,goalsarenotlimitedtotheshort-termsatisfactionofneeds.Indeed,thereisastronglinkbetweenhappinessandthefulfillmentoflong-termgoals.Evenifhumanstriveforgoalsthataremorecomplexandlonger-termthantheanimals’goals,oncethosegoalsaregained,happinessisreinforced.1.Whydoesthespeakermention“magnets”?2.Accordingtothepassage,whatmayanimalsdoafterthey