PB能源公司-CEPSI2008

PB能源公司集中CENTRALIZEDVS分散DECENTRALIZED能源ENERGY17thCONFERENCEONTHEELECTRICITYSUPPLYINDUSTRYMACAUOCTOBER27-31,2008PBPowerGroup二零零八年十月TopicsCentralisedEnergyGenerationVs.DecentralisedEnergyGenerationConsiderationsGeneralConsiderationsSpecificFeaturesofCentralisedEnergyGenerationFeaturesofDecentralisedEnergyGenerationCHPEconomicsConsiderationofRenewablesandNuclearComparisonofCentralisedvs.DecentralisedGenerationSummary集中能源CentralizedEnergyGeneration(CEG)vs分散能源DecentralizedEnergyGeneration(DEG)Centralizedvs.DecentralizedGeneration:CONSIDERATIONS-GENERAL经济Economics技术Technical互相联络Interconnection,系统安全SystemSecurity系统操作SystemOperator,安排程度Scheduling,分派Dispatch可靠性Reliability:技术与操作Technical/OperatingSystem法规Regulatory能源政策EnergyPolicy排放EnvironmentalEmissions:air/water/landCentralizedvs.DecentralizedGeneration:CONSIDERATIONS–SPECIFICFACTORS位置Location–单一对倍数Singlevs.Multiple分派Dispatch–24x7x52,力量，蒸汽，热水Power,Steam,Hotwater资本CapitalCost–数值范围，设备类型EconomiesofScale,Planttype系统效率Efficiency–FClass55%,蒸汽循环SteamCycle33%燃料供应FuelAvailability传送/分配Transmission/Distribution–埋置，网络Embedded,Networks可靠性Reliability–冗余，单位Redundancy,No.ofUnits科技Technology–CCGT/GT/Boiler,可更新Renewable,核能Nuclear容量Capacity–CCGT750MW,Engines1-10MW发电成本GenerationCosts,公共价格UtilityPrices:Nextslides往下页集中能源特点FeaturesofCentralizedEnergyGeneration大投资本Largecapitalinvestments蒸汽SteamPlant,联合循环汽轮机CCGT,热电共生CHP,百兆瓦特’00(Hundredsof)Megawatts电厂远离区城Plantsiteusuallyalongdistancefrombuilt-upareas有效性Highavailabilityand生产量capacityfactor输配电网T&DNetworks:CEGvs.DEG集中CENTRALIZED分散DECENTRALIZEDNumberofTowers当地网LocalNetworkTransmission节点Nodal结构Configuration&DistributionIECTransmissions&电塔2-5Towers/km国际电工委员会DistributionCodes电压依赖Voltagedependent位于近消费者Locatednearpointofconsumption资本Capitalcostshigher每per瓦特Wattthan高过于集中能源CEG可再生能源RenewableEnergyProjects风能Wind生物能/垃圾发电Biomass/WTE小水电Smallhydro太阳能Solar特点Featuresof分散能源DecentralizedEnergyGeneration(DEG)RenewableEnergyCentralizedvs.DecentralizedGeneration:集中对分散的热电共生经济CHPECONOMICSWITHDIFFERENTTECHNOLOGYSCHEMES与不同的技术计划CHP计划使用SCHEMESUSINGCCGTpowerequipment联合循环汽轮机动力设备SteamTurbine蒸汽机BoilerOnly仅锅炉热电共生CHPScheme–联合循环汽轮机CCGT热电共生CHPScheme–蒸气涡轮SteamTurbine基本经济BasicEconomics联合循环汽轮机CCGT共生CogenandCCGTPowerOnly•CalculatedbasedonincrementalcapitalinvestmentoftheCHP.•ThewholeCHPadvantageisallocatedtothecostofheatproductionCHP-CCGTTechnicalAssumptionsCogenNetpoweroutput(GT+ST)105MWeHeatcapacity(ST)40MWthNetefficiency(LHV;power)42.1%Netefficiency(LHV;cogen)58.1%PoweronlyNetoutput(GT+ST)119MWeNetefficiency(LHV)47.5%Heatcapacity(ST)-MWthUtilizationhoursCogen4,000hPoweronly-hTotalutil.hours4,000hCostassumptionsUnitcapitalcost770$/kWLHVofnaturalgas38MJ/m3Unitfuelcost0.35$/m3Capitalchargefactor0.08350AnnualO&Mcharge2,000$/EOHAnnualpowergeneration419,997MWheAnnualfuelconsumption94,507,177m3Annualheatproduction160,000MWhthAnnualcapitalcharge7,621,387$AnnualO&Mcost8,000,000$Annualfuelcost33,356,187$Totalcost48,977,574$Powergenerationcost101.8$/MWheProductioncostofheat38.8$/MWhthPoweronly-CCGTTechnicalAssumptionsNetpoweroutput(GT+ST)119MWeNetefficiency(LHV)47.5%Utilizationhours4,000hCostassumptionsUnitcapitalcost700$/kWLHVofnaturalgas38MJ/m3Unitfuelcost0.35$/m3Capitalchargefactor0.08350AnnualO&Mcharge2,000$/EOHAnnualpowergeneration474,126MWheAnnualfuelconsumption94,507,177m3Annualcapitalcharge6,928,534$AnnualO&Mcost8,000,000$Annualfuelcost33,356,187$Totalcost48,284,721$Generationcost101.8$/MWh0.79MOP/kWh基本经济BasicEconomics工业用Industrial锅炉Boiler–蒸汽Steam发电GenerationAssumptions-IndustrialboilerFuelLPGCapacity40MWthBoilerefficiencyHHV80%Capitalcost$2,100,000HHVoffuel50MJ/kgUnitfuelcost0.9$/kgCapitalchargefactor0.08350AnnualO&Mcharge3.0%Annualheatproduction160,000MWhthAnnualfuelconsumption14,400,000kgAnnualcapitalcharge175,359$AnnualO&Mcost63,000$Annualfuelcost13,033,846$Totalcost13,272,205$Productioncostofheat83.0$/MWhth基本经济BasicEconomics蒸气涡轮SteamTurbine:CHPandPowerOnlyCHP-SteamTurbineTechnicalAssumptionsCogenNetpoweroutput30MWeHeatcapacity40MWthNetefficiency(LHV;power)22.4%Netefficiency(LHV;cogen)52.4%PoweronlyNetoutput43MWeNetefficiency(LHV)32.1%Heatcapacity-MWthUtilizationhoursCogen4,000hPoweronly-hTotalutil.hours4,000hCostassumptionsUnitcapitalcost1,100$/kWLHVoffueloil41,000kJ/kgUnitfuelcost450$/TCapitalchargefactor0.08350AnnualO&Mcharge3.0%Annualpowergeneration119,745MWhAnnualfuelconsumption46,879,610kgAnnualheatproduction160,000MWhAnnualcapitalcharge3,932,102$AnnualO&Mcost1,412,658$Annualfuelcost21,095,824$Totalcost26,440,584$Powergenerationcost152$/MWhProductioncostofheat51.8$/MWhPowerOnly-SteamTurbineTechnicalAssumptionsNetpoweroutput43MWeNetefficiency(LHV)32.1%Utilizationhours4,000hCostassumptionsUnitcapitalcost1,000$/kWLHVoffueloil41,000kJ/kgUnitfuelcost450$/TCapitalchargefactor0.08350AnnualO&Mcharge3.0%Annualpowergeneration171,231MWheAnnualfuelconsumption46,880m3Annualcapitalcharge3,574,638$AnnualO&Mcost1,284,234$Annualfuelcost21,095,824$Totalcost25,954,697$Powergenerationcost152$/MWh1.2MOP/kWhFactor热量Heat电量Power联合循环汽轮机CCGTUS3Cents/kWhtherm