基于AT89S51单片机的8通道自动温度控制系统的设计

基于AT89S51单片机的8通道自动温度控制系统的设计毕业设计论文题目基于AT89S51单片机的8通道自动温度控制系统的设计学生姓名学号所在院(系)电气工程系专业班级指导教师2010年月日目录摘要-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------3ABSTRACT-------------------------------------------------------------------------4第一章绪论---------------------------------------------------------------------7§1.1系统背景-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5§1.2系统概述------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5第二章方案论证----------------------------------------------------------------6§2.1传感器部分---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6§2.2主控制部分---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7§2.3系统方案----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7第三章硬件电路设计------------------------------------------------------------8§3.1基本硬件设计思路------------------------------------------------------------------------------8§3.1.1基本设计框图---------------------------------------------------------------------------------8§3.2主要部件介绍（一）AT89S52单片机------------------------------------------------------------------------8（二）数字温度传感器DS18B20----------------------------------------------------------18（三）74HC595寄存器------------------------------------------------------------------------25第四章软件设计---------------------------------------------------------------28§4.1概述-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------28§4.2主程序方案--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------28§4.3各模块子程序设计-----------------------------------------------------------------------------29§4.4程序设计----------------------------------------------------------31第五章系统调试································································54§5.1分步调试····························································································54§5.2统一调试····························································································54结束语················································································55参考文献·············································································56附录一:温度测试子程序流程图······················································57附录二：电路原理图······························································59致谢················································································61摘要随着社会的进步和工业技术的发展，人们越来越重视温度因素，许多产品对温度范围要求严格，而目前市场上普遍存在的温度检测仪器大都是单点测量，同时还有温度信息传递不及时、精度不够的缺点，不利于工业控制者根据温度变化及时做出决定。在这样的形式下，开发一种能够同时测量多点，并且实时性高、精度高，能够综合处理多点温度信息的测量系统就很有必要。本课题以AT89S51单片机系统为核心，能对多点的温度进行实时巡检。各检测单元（从机）能独立完成各自功能，同时能够根据主控机的指令对温度进行定时采集，测量结果不仅能在本地显示，而且可以利用单片机串行口，通过RS-485总线及通信协议将采集的数据传送到主控机，进行进一步的存档、处理。主控机负责控制指令的发送，控制各个从机进行温度采集，收集测量数据，并对测量结果（包括历史数据）进行整理、显示和存储。主控机与各从机之间能够相互联系、相互协调，从而达到系统整体统一、和谐的效果。关键词：单片机,RS485协议,温度测量AbstractAstheindustryandthesocietydeveloping,thetemperaturebecomesmoreandmoreimportantandalotofproductsaresensitivetotemperature.However,temperature-measuringapparatusinthemarketnowonlycancheckandmeasurethetemperatureofonepoint,atthesametime,thetemperatureinformationisnotrealtimeandtheprecisionislow.Ittakesagreatoftroublesfortheindustry-controllerstomakedecision.Inthissituation,designandimplementoneapplicablesystemwhichcanwatchmeasureandcontrolthetemperatureandthemeasuringresultsisrealtimeandtheprecisionisgreatismoreessential.Inordertomeetingthisapplication,thispapertalkaboutTheMultiple-Point’stemperatureMeasuringSystem.Thissystembasedonsinglechipcomputer,caninspectandcontrolmultipletemperaturesinrealtime.TheSlavedMachinecancollecttemperatureinformationonitsownanddisplayitontheLEDmodule.FollowingtheMasterMachine’scommand,theSlavedMachinecanup-sendthetemperatureinformationtotheMasterMachinethroughtheRS-485businterfaceandthecommunicationprotocol.TheMasterMachinesendscommands,controlstheSlavedComputergatheringandup-sendingthetemperaturedataincludinghistoryinformation,anditmanagesprocessesandstoresthetemperatureinformation.TheMasterandSlavedComputerwillexchangeinformationandcorrespondtoeachother,soitworkstogetherperfectly.KeywordssinglechipcomputerRS-485protocolmeasure-temperatureKeywords：temperaturemeasure；singlebus；digitalthermometer；singlechipprocessor；第一章绪论§1.1系统背景在工、农业生产和日常生活中，对温度的测量及控制占据着极其重要地位。首先让我们了解一下多点温度检测系统在各个方面的应用领域：消防电气的非破坏性温度检测，电力、电讯设备之过热故障预知检测，空调系统的温度检测，各类运输工具之组件的过热检测，保全与监视系统之应用，医疗与健诊的温度测试，化工、机械…等设备温度过热检测。温度检测系统应用十分广阔。§1.2系统概述本设计运用主从分布式思想，由一台上位机（PC微型计算机），下位机（单片机）多点温度数据采集，组成两级分布式多点温度测量的巡回检测系统。该系统采用RS-232串行通讯标准，通过上位机（PC）控制下位机（单片机）进行现场温度采集。温度值既可以送回主控PC进行数据处理，由显示器显示。也可以由下位机单独工作，实时显示当前各点的温度值，对各点进行控制。下位机采用的是单片机基于数字温度传感器DS18B20的系统。DS18B20利用单总线的特点可以方便的实现多点温度的测量，轻松的组建传感器网络，系统的抗干扰性好、设计灵活、方便，而且适合于在恶劣的环境下进行现场温度测量。本系统可以应用在大型工业及民用常温多点监测场合。如粮食仓储系统、楼宇自动化系统、温控制程生产线之温度影像检测、医疗与健诊的温度测试、空调系统的温度检测、石化、机械…等。第二章方案论证温度检测系统有则共同的特点：测量点多、环境复杂、布线分散、现场离监控室远等。若采用一般温度传感器采集温度信号，则需要设计信号调理电路、A/D转换及相应的接口电路，才能把传感器输出的模拟信号转换成数字信号送到计算机去处理。这样，由于各种因素会造成