零售&批发和市场后勤学

©2000PrenticeHallObjectivesRetailingWholesalingMarketLogistics©2000PrenticeHallFourLevelsofRetailServiceSelf-serviceSelf-selectionLimited-serviceFull-service©2000PrenticeHallRetailPositioningMapBloomingdale’sKinneyShoeWal-MartTiffanyBroadNarrowBreadthofproductlineValueaddedLowHigh©2000PrenticeHallClassificationOfRetailerTypesSpecialtyStoresDepartmentStoresSupermarketsConvenienceStoresOff-PriceRetailerSuperstoresCatalogShowroomWideVarietyofProductLinesi.e.Clothing,HomeFurnishings,&HouseholdItemsWideVarietyofFood,Laundry,&HouseholdProductsLimitedLineofHigh-TurnoverConvenienceGoodsInexpensive,Overruns,Irregulars,andLeftoverGoodsLargeAssortmentofRoutinelyPurchasedFood&NonfoodProducts,PlusServicesBroadSelection,FastTurnover,DiscountPricesNarrowProductLine,DeepAssortmentStoreTypeLengthandBreadthofProductAssortmentDiscountStoresBroadProductLine,LowMargin,HighVolume©2000PrenticeHallTypesofNonStoreRetailingDirectSellingDirectMarketingBuyingServicesNonStoreRetailingAccountsforMoreThan12%ofAllConsumerPurchases,andistrendingup.AutomaticVending©2000PrenticeHallLowPriceLowStatusLowMarginMidPriceMidStatusMidMarginHighPriceHighStatusHighMarginWheelofRetailing©2000PrenticeHallWhyareWholesalersUsed?WholesalerFunctionsManagementServices&AdviceSellingandPromotingMarketInformationBuyingandAssortmentBuildingRiskBearingBulkBreakingTransportingFinancingWarehousing©2000PrenticeHallGoalsoftheLogisticsSystem•ProvideaTargetedLevelofCustomerServiceattheLeastCost.•MaximizeProfits,NotSales.HigherDistributionCosts/HigherCustomerServiceLevelsLowerDistributionCosts/LowerCustomerServiceLevels©2000PrenticeHallInventoryWhentoorderHowmuchtoorderJust-in-timeCostsMinimizeCostsofAttainingLogisticsObjectivesWarehousingStorageDistributionOrderProcessingSubmittedProcessedShippedLogisticsFunctionsTransportationWater,Truck,Rail,Pipeline&AirLogisticsSystems©2000PrenticeHallRailNation’slargestcarrier,cost-effectiveforshippingbulkproducts,piggybackTruckFlexibleinrouting×chedules,efficientforshort-haulsofhighvaluegoodsWaterLowcostforshippingbulky,low-valuegoods,slowestformPipelineShippetroleum,naturalgas,andchemicalsfromsourcestomarketsAirHighcost,idealwhenspeedisneededortoshiphigh-value,low-bulkitemsTransportationModes©2000PrenticeHall1.Speed.2.Dependability.3.Capability.4.Availability.5.Cost.ChecklistforChoosingTransportationModes©2000PrenticeHallRatingTransportationModesRail34223Water45141Truck22314Pipeline51552Air13435Source:SeeCarlM.Guelzo;IntroductiontoLogisticsManagementEnglewoodCliffs,NJ:PrenticeHall,1986),p.46.(Door-to-doordeliverytime)(MeetingSchedulesonTime)(AbilitytoHandleVariousProducts)(No.ofGeographicPointsServed)(PerTon-Mile)SpeedDependabilityCapabilityAvailabilityCost©2000PrenticeHallReviewRetailingWholesalingMarketLogistics