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《古诗词曲英译文化探索》（以下第一首出自钱歌川的《翻译的基本知识》，今天晚上刚在图书馆看的，还不错，讲的是翻译的基本注意事项，很有启发意义，可以看看。）《西厢记》（节选）王实甫碧云天，黄叶地。Greyarethecloudsintheskyandfadedaretheleavesontheground西风紧，塞雁南飞。Bitteristheeastwindasthewildgeeseflyfromthenorthtothesouth.（上句中的“西风”译为eastwind，是出于中西方文化之差异而意译的）晓来谁染霜林醉，Howisitthatinthemorningthewhite-frostedtreesaredyedasredasawineflushedface尽是离人泪Itmusthavebeencausedbythetearsofthosewhoareabouttodepart.《白云泉》白居易（添加色调）天平山上白云泉beholdtheWhiteCloudFountainontheSky-BlueMountain云自无心水自闲whitecloudsenjoyfreepleasure;waterenjoysleisure何必奔冲山下去whyshouldthetorrentdashdownfromthemountainhigh更添波浪向人间andoverflowthehumanworldwithwavesfarandnigh?《送别·丹阳送韦参军》严维（语义的句内转移）丹阳郭里送行舟attheouterwallofDanyang,Iseeyourboatgo一别心知两地秋knowinginbothheartsoursorrowswillgrow日晚江南望江北fromthesouthoftheriverIlookatthenorth寒鸦飞尽水悠悠andonlyseecrowsflyingoverthecoldwaterflow《赠孟浩然》李白（酒文化---中圣）醉月频中圣you’dbetterratherbefrequentlydrunkwiththemoon迷花不事君morethanservingthepoweryoulovethebloom高山安可仰highmountainssymbolizeyournoblemind徒此揖清芬hereliesmyadmirationforyouandyourkind《秋夕》杜牧（以蕴译名）银烛秋光冷画屏thepaintedscreenischilledinsilvercandlelight轻罗小扇扑流萤sheusesasilkenfantocatchpassingfireflies天阶夜色凉如水thestepsseemsteepedinwaterwhencoldgrowsthenight坐看牵牛织女星shelieswatchingheart-brokenstarsshedtearsintheskies《枫桥夜泊》张继（意化寺庙名）月落乌啼霜满天themoongoesdownandcrowscawinthefrostysky江枫渔火对愁眠dimly-litfishingboats’neathmaplessadlylie姑苏城外寒山寺beyondtheGusuwallstheTempleofColdHill夜半钟声到客船ringsbellswhichreachmyboat,breakingthemidnightstill花卉文化一、花卉寄愁（一）伤春惜花1、直译《春日》秦观一夕轻雷落万丝lastnightsoftthundermixedwithmyriadstreaksofrain霁光浮瓦碧参差nowinthesuntiersofglazedtilesareabrightgreen有情芍药含春泪theaffectionatepeoniesareinspringtears无力蔷薇卧晓枝whiletheroseslielanguishingonthemorningtwigs2、译出视觉现象《春晓》孟浩然春眠不觉晓intomyslumberinspringstealbeamsofmorninglight处处闻啼鸟andnowtomyearscomethevoiceofbirdsallaround夜来风雨声yetIheardthesoundsofwindsandrainsinthenight花落知多少Iwonderhowmanyflowersarefallendowntotheground3、增译花卉变化修饰语《浣溪沙》晏殊一曲新词酒一杯foracupofwine,anewsongIwrite去年天气旧亭台withlastyear’sweatherandpavilioninsight夕阳西下几时回whenwillthewesterlysunregainitslight无可奈何花落去blossomsfallonebyoneforallwecando似曾相识燕归来swallowscomeback,whomIseemtoknow小园香径独徘徊onasweetgardenpath,aloneIpacetoandfro4、变换花卉位置或状态《踏莎行》晏殊小径红稀Alongthepathredblossomsfade芳郊绿遍onfragrantfieldgreengrassdisplayed;高台树色阴阴见Byloftytowertreesspreadoutadark,darkshade.春风不解禁杨花Thevernalbreezeknowsnothowtokeepwillowdown濛濛乱扑行人面fromrunningriotandmakingwayfarersfrown.翠叶藏莺greenleaveshideoriolesfromsight珠帘隔燕redscreenskeepoutswallowsinflight炉香静逐游丝转incensefromburnerswaftslikethegossamerlight一场愁梦酒醒时whenIawakefromsorrowfuldreamandfromwine斜阳却照深深院indeep,deepcourtyardpeepsthesunonthedecline5、译出本体，再以借体作状语《画堂春》秦观落红铺径水平池fallenflowersredcoverthepaths,watergreenfillsthepond弄晴小雨霏霏drizzlingrainsfallintothecreek杏园憔悴杜鹃啼blossomsfadeandcuckoocriesintheorchard无奈春归oh,springgoesback!柳外画楼独上shesilentlygoesupstairsthebower凭栏捻花枝amidtheswayingwillowtrees放花无语对斜晖sheleansontherail此恨谁知twistingaflowerunderthesettingsun（二）离情别绪1、直译《薄幸》吕渭老青楼春晚It’slatespring.昼寂寂、梳均又懒Ingreenmansion,lovelyandlazily.Icombmyhairandmakeupmyface乍听得、鸦啼莺弄suddenlythetwitteringorioleandcawingcrow惹得新愁无限arousemyendlesssorrow记年时、偷掷春心Istillrememberthatyear,Ihadardentloveforhim花间隔雾遥相见whenIfirstsawhimamongthemistyflowersafar便角枕题诗thenhewrotepoemsformeonmypillow宝钗贳酒andIbuthimwinebysellingmyhairpin共醉青苔深院wegotdrunkinthedeepmossyyard怎忘得、回廊下canIeverforget携手处、花明月满weenjoyedourselveshandinhand,beforetheflowerinblossom,underthefullmoon如今但暮雨，蜂愁蝶恨，小窗闲对芭蕉展Nowineveningdrizzlingrain,thebeesandbutterfliesaresorrowful.AtleisureIalonelookatthebananaleaves却谁拘管Who’dcareforme?尽无言、闲品秦筝，泪洒参差雁Iplayonthezithersad,sheddingtearsonthewildgeeseonit腰支渐小，心与杨花共远Mywaistbecomesslenderandslender,mymindisflyingwithwillowdownfaraway2、色彩选择《六州歌头》韩元吉东风着意，先上小桃枝。Theamorouseasternbreeze,alightfirstonthetipofslenderpeachtrees红粉腻，娇如醉，倚朱扉。Hercharmingrosyfacewouldintoxicate,besidethecrimsongate记年时。Irememberlastyear隐映新妆面，临水岸，春将半，云日暖Hernewlymade-upfacecameneartherivershorewhenearlyspringhadgoneandcloudswerewarmedbythesun斜桥转，夹城西。Andwherethebridgewasslantingdown,tothewestoftheoutercity草软莎平，跋马垂杨渡，玉勒争嘶。Thegrasswassoftwheregallantsoft,rodeonthewillow-shadedriverside,theirjade-adornedhorsesinneighingvied认蛾眉凝笑，脸薄拂燕脂。Herlightlyrougedfaceandbeamingeyessmiledwithgrace绣户曾窥，恨依依。Isawherinherbroideredbower.HowIregretthehappyhour!3、改换英语习语《一剪梅》蒋捷一片春愁待酒浇，江上舟摇，楼上帘招。Canboundlessvernalgriefbedrownedinvernalwine?Myboat’stossedbywaveshigh,streamer’sofwineshopfly秋娘渡与泰娘桥，风又飘飘，雨又萧萧。TheFarewellFerryandtheBeauty’sBridgewouldpine.Windblowsfromhourtohour,rainfallsshowerbyshower.何日归家洗客袍？WhenmayIgohometowashmyoldrobeoutworn银字笙调，心字香烧。Toplayonsilverluteandburntheincensemute?流光容易把人抛，红了樱桃，绿了芭蕉。Otimeandtidewillnotwaitforamanforlorn,whencherry’sred,springdies,andgreenbananasighs.4、译出多重意义中缺漏义《画堂春》秦观东风吹柳日初长，雨余芳草斜阳。Thewillowbranchesswayinvernalwindanddayislonger.Therainstops,thesunsetsandthesweetgrassislush.杏花零落燕泥香，睡损红妆。Apricotblossomsfadeandfallonthefield,andswallowswouldcarrythefragrantearthtobuildtheirnest.Abeautyissleepinginherredinnerwears.宝篆烟消龙凤，画屏云锁潇湘。Theincenseburnedintoas