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1句子成分（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在therebe结构、疑问句（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.（）WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.（）One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.（）Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.（）Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.（）Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（）WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.（）Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.（）（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.（2）由系动词加表语构成。如：Wearestudents.（四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如：OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.（）Isityours?（）Theweatherhasturnedcold.（）Thespeechisexciting.（）Threetimessevenistwentyone?（）HisjobistoteachEnglish.（）Hishobby（爱好）isplayingfootball.（）Themachinemustbeoutoforder.（）Timeisup.Theclassisover.（）Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.（）（五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：Theywenttoseeanexhibition（展览）yesterday.（）Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.（）Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.（）Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.（）Hepretendednottoseeme.（）Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.（）Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.（）2宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lendmeyourdictionary,please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.（六）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等）+宾语+宾补。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：HisfathernamedhimDongming.（）Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.（）Letthefreshairin.（）Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.（）Wesawherenteringtheroom.（）Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.（）Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.（）（七）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示：Guilinisabeautifulcity.（）Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.（）Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.（）HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.（）Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.（）Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.（）HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.（）（八）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示：Lighttravelsmostquickly.（）Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.（）Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.（）Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.（）Waitaminute.（）Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.（）状语种类如下：Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?（）Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.（）Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.（）MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.（）Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.（）Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.（）Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.（）Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.（）Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.（）3Iamtallerthanheis.（）练习一一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?15.Tobehonest,yourpronunciationisnotsogood.16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?17.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.20.Theapplestastedsweet.二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语（—）、谓语（＝）、宾语（～）：Ihopeyouareverywell.I'mfine,buttired.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm.Augustisthehottestmonthhere.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm.Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim.Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest.Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden.Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummerhere.Asaresult,wehavetowaterthe4vegetablegarden.Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell.Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden.三、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语（—）、状语（＝）、补语（～）：MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime.Thesepartiesoftenmakeusveryhappy.Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside.It'sgreat!Americanseatalotofmeat—toomuchinmyopinion.Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer.Idon't,becauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty.InyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates.TherearefivedifferenttimeareasintheStates.InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime.HowmanydifferenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina?Well,Imuststopandgetsomesleep.Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents.四、选择填空：()1.____willleaveforBeijing.A.NowtherethemanB.ThemanherenowC.ThemanwhoisherenowD.Themanisherenow()2.Theweather____.A.wetandcoldB.iswetandcoldC.notwetandcoldD.werewetandcold()3.Theappletasted____.A.sweetsB.sweetlyC.nicelyD.sweet()4.Hegotup____yesterdaymorning.A.lat