搜索
14句子结构知识(一)一、学习目标1.通过学习英语基本的句子结构，能够帮助你明白纷繁复杂折英语句子到底有什么规律，今后看到再复杂的句子都可以不发怵，从容地把它们拆开再安装。2.通过学习句子结构，我们会明白英语其实只是由五个简单句子为基础而构造的一门语言。在此基础上，我们可以随意组成并列句和复合句（也就是用从句来充当主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语而已）。3.学为划分句子成分，统一为下列符号：主语、谓语、宾语、（定语）、宾语补足语、【状语】。二、五种简单句1.S+Vi.(主语+不及物动词)，注：简单句句型指的是主谓宾和宾语等主干成分，定语、状语这两个次要成分没关系。Tomleft.Winteriscoming.Hisfatherhasgoneabroad.Thebabyiscryinginthenextroom.Heworksinabigcompany.Wehavelivedinthecitiesfortenyears.请仿写几个句子：1）我们必须努力学习。2)我经常头痛。3）那家水果店已经关门了。4）你昨天游泳了吗？2.S+Vt.+O(主语+及物动词+宾语)Ilikepopmusic.Sheknowswhattodonext.Iusuallydomyhomeworkathomeintheevening.HebeganlearningEnglish10yearsago.HehasdecidedtoworkharderatEnglish.5）你喜欢苹果吗？6）我记得他的电话号码。7）老师说良好的开端是成功的一半。153.S+V+P(主语+连系动词+表语)Sheishappytoday.Shefelthappy.Myfatherisamathteacher.TheLijiangRiverlooksespeciallybeautifulintheearlymorning.Pleasekeepsilent.注：表语通常由形容词、名词充当。思考一下：连系动词有哪些？大致可分为几类？8）这故事听起来很有趣。9）他似乎不高兴。10）他的愿望是上一个好大学。4.S+Vt.+O+O(主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语)Heteachesuschemistry.Pleasetellmeyourphonenumber.Fatherboughtmeanewbicycle.Thefarmertaughttheboyhowtoplantatree.思考一下：你知道哪些动词后面可加两个宾语？11）爸爸上周给我买了辆自行车。12）你能把糖递给我吗？13）妈妈给我做了一件新衣服。5.S+Vt.+O+C(主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语)Wemustkeeptheroomclean.Hewaswatchingtheboysplayingfootball.Hewatchedtheboysplayfootball.Whenhecamein,hefoundtheoldmandead.→Hecamein.Hefoundtheoldmandead.16→Hecameinand(he)foundtheoldmandead.14).太阳使我们保暖。15).我们发现我们学校很漂亮。16).这个消息使他很不高兴。三、并列句两个或两个以上简单句合在一起就成了并列句。1.表示连接两个同等概念，常用and,notonly…butalso…,neither…nor…等连接。Hecamein.Hefoundtheoldmandead.----Hecameinand(he)foundtheoldmandead.2.表示选择，常用的连词有or,either…or…等。Hurryup,oryou’llmissthetrain.3.表示转折，常用的连词有but,while(而)等。Thecarisold,butitrunsveryfast.4.表示因果关系，常用的连词有so,for等。Augustisthetimeoftheyearforriceharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.四、复合句主从复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句为句子的主体，从句只用作句子的一个次要成分，不能独立成为一个句子。从句通常由关联词引导，并由关联词将从句和主句联系在一起。从句按其在复合句中的作用，分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句。前四种从句在复合句中的作用相当于名词，统称为名词性从句。1.主语从句Thathe’llcometothepartymakesushappy.2.宾语从句IwonderwhatIcandoforyou.3.表语从句Myadviceisthatyoushouldstudyharder.4.同位语从句We’veknownthenewsthatourteamwon.5.定语从句ThisisthemanwhomI’mlookingfor.6.状语从句Tomisabsentfromschoolbecauseheisill.Thoughheisold,heruns3kilometreseveryday.五、巩固练习（一）指出下列句子画线部分是什么句子成分1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.①_______②________2.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.①_______②________3.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!①_______4.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.①_______5.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.①_______②________③_______176.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?①_______②________③_______7.Hebecameateacherattheageoftwenty-one.①_______②________8.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?①_______②________③_______9.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.①_______②________③_______10.Wemustkeepitasecret.①_______②________(二)判断下列句子是简单名、并列句还是复合句。有实力的同学还可以划一下句子成分。1.WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFridayafternoon.2.TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.3.Thereisatableandsomechairsinthisroom.4.MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeatsevenintheevening.5.HeisinClassOneandIaminClassTwo.6.Hewasfondofdrawingwhenhewasachild.7.Neitherhashechangedhismind,norwillhedoso.8.Idon’tunderstandwhathesaidatthemeeting.9.Howdiligentthatgirlis!10.HewantstobeawriterbutIwanttobeascientist.（三）按要求改写句子1.Mr.Graydidn’tgotoBeijingyesterday.Hiswifedidn’tgothere,either.（用neither…nor…连成一句）________Mr.Gray_________hiswife_______toBeijing.2.Hewenttobedafterhehadfinishedhishomework.（改为含状语从句的复合句）He________gotobed_________hehadfinishedhishomework.3.Bettywon’tagreewithme.(用Ithink把这句改成宾语从句)_____________________________________________________________.4.Hisfatherisateacher.Hismotherisateacher,too.(用notonly…butalso…连成一句)_____________________________________________________________5.Thenutistoohardforyourgrannytoeat.(用so…that…改为含状语从句的复合句)Thenutis________hard________yourgranny________________it.6.Tomdidn’tcometoschoolyesterday.Hewasill.(用because改为含状语从句的复合句)_____________________________________________________________.7.Henryisonlythreeyearsold.HecanspeakEnglishveryfluently.(用though改为含状语从句的复合句)_____________________________________________________________.18答案：同步翻译：1)Wemuststudyhard.2)Myheadoftenaches.3)Thatfruithasalreadyclosed.4)Didyouswimyesterday?5)Doyoulikeapples?6)Irememberhistelephonenumber.7)Theteachersaidthatwellbegunishalfdone.8)Thestorysoundsveryinteresting.9)Heseemsunhappy.10)Hiswishistogotoagooduniversity.11)Myfatherboughtmeabikelastweek./Myfatherboughtabikeformelastweek.12)Couldyoupassmethesugar?/Couldyoupassthesugartome?13)Mymothermademeanewcoat./Mymothermadeanewcoatforme.14)Thesunkeepuswarm.15)Wefindourschoolverybeautiful.16)Thenewsmadehimveryunhappy.巩固练习：（一）略（二）分析句子1、3、4、9简单句5、7、10并列句2、6、8复合句（三）按要求改写句子1.NeitherMr.GraynorhiswifewenttoBeijing.2.Hedidn’t’gotobeduntilhehadfinishedhishomework.3.Idon’tthinkBettywillagreewithme.4.Notonlyhisfatherbutalsohismotherisateacher.5.Thenutissohardthatyourgrannycan’teatit.6.Tomdidn’tcometoschoolyesterdaybecausehewasill.7.ThoughHenryisonlythreeyearsold,hecanspeakEnglish