基于模糊系统的光伏系统最大功率点跟踪

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B.M.WilamowskiandX.Li,“FuzzysystembasedmaximumpowerpointtrackingforPVsystem,”inProc.28thAnnu.Conf.IEEEInd.Electron.Soc.,2002,pp.3280–3284.FuzzySystemBasedMaximumPowerPointTrackingforPVSystem基于模糊系统的光伏系统最大功率点跟踪BogdanM.WilamowskiandXiangliLiUniversityofIdaho,BoiseGraduateCenterwilam@ieee.organdslz83813408@hotmail.comAbstractMaximumpowerpointtrackingforPVsystemstraditionallyuseseitherperturbationandobservationmethodorincrementalconductancemethod.Bothmethodsrequiremodulationoftheoutputvoltageandthisleadstosignificantpowerloss.Inthispaper,amethod,whichsensesoutputcircuitvoltageandshortcircuitcurrentandusetheabovetwoparametersforoptimumcontrolwithafuzzycontroller,isintroduced.TheshortcircuitcurrentofPVcellrepresentillumination,andtheoutputcircuitvoltagecarryoninformationaboutthetemperature.摘要光伏系统最大功率点跟踪通常使用扰动观察法或电导增量法,两种方式都需要调整输出电压这将导致显著的能量损失。在本文中提出一种方法,该方法测量输出电路的电压和短路电流并使用上述两个参数通过模糊控制器实现最优控制。光伏电池的短路电流反映光照,输出电路的电压代表温度信息。I.IntroductionWiththeindustrialdevelopment,theproblemofenergyshortageismoreandmoreaggravating.ThePhotovoltaic(PV)systemtechnologiesarerapidlyexpandingandhaveincreasingrolesinelectricpowertechnologyandregardedasthegreenenergyofthenewcentury[1-2].I.引言随着工业的发展,能源短缺的问题越来越严重,作为新世纪的绿色能源,光伏发电系统在电力技术方面迅速扩大和日渐作用[1-2]。Asthepowersuppliedbysolararraysdependsonthelightilluminationintensity,temperatureandarrayvoltage.Itisnecessarytotrackthemaximumpowerofthesolararrays[2].Somepaperhadproposeddifferentmaximumpowerpoint(MPPT)controlmethodsinthepastyears.TwomethodsareproposedinthispapertotrackthemaximumpowerpointandusethefuzzysystemtocontrolthecircuittoachievethemaximumpowerpointandincreasetheefficiencyofthePVsystem[3-6].由于太阳能电池板提供的功率决定于光照强度、温度和阵列电压,因此跟踪太阳能电池板的最大功率是非常有必要的。在过去的几年中,一些论文已经提出不同的最大功率点控制方式。本文提出了两种跟踪最大功率点的方法,该方法应用模糊控制系统控制回路实现最大功率点从而增加光伏系统的效率。II.OperationPrincipleofSolarCellSolararraycharacteristicprofoundlyinfluencestheconverterandcontrolsystem.AsolarcellisanonlineardeviceandcanberepresentedasacurrentsourcemodelasshowninFig.1.II太阳能电池的工作原理太阳能电池的特点很大程度上影响变换器和控制系统,太阳能电池是一个非线性的装置,可以被看作是电流源模型,如图1所示。B.M.WilamowskiandX.Li,“FuzzysystembasedmaximumpowerpointtrackingforPVsystem,”inProc.28thAnnu.Conf.IEEEInd.Electron.Soc.,2002,pp.3280–3284.IiRsLoadDiodeIdIV+-Fig.1SimplifiedequivalentcircuitofasolarcellidIII(1)()exp1sdsqVRIIIkT(2)3011expgsdrefrefqETIITkTT(3)ln1issIIkTVRIqI(4)PVI(5)IiRsLoadDiodeIdIV+-图1太阳能电池的等效简化电路idIII(1)()exp1sdsqVRIIIkT(2)3011expgsdrefrefqETIITkTT(3)ln1issIIkTVRIqI(4)PVI(5)WhereiIisthelightgeneratedcurrent,sIisthediodereversesaturationcurrent,qistheelectroniccharge,kisthereferencetemperature,refTistheBoltzmannconstant,0dIisthediodereversalcurrent,gEisthebadgapenergyofthecellsemiconductor,sRistheseriesresistance.其中,iI为光照产生的电流,sI为二极管的反向饱和电流,q为电荷,k为基准温度,refT为波尔兹曼常数,0dI为二极管的反向电流,gE为半导体单元的损坏能量,sR为串联电阻。ThesolarcellI-VcharacteristicsareplottedinFig.2fordifferentilluminationlevels.TheP-VcharacteristicsareplottedinFig.3underdifferentilluminationcondition,andFig.4showtheP-Vcharacteristicsfordifferenttemperature.Fig.2I-VcharacteristicsofPVsystem图2描绘了不同光照强度下太阳能电池的I-V特性曲线。图3描绘了不同光照强度下的P-V特性,图4给出了不同温度下P-V特性。图2光伏系统的I-V特性Fig.3P-VcharacteristicsofPVsystematdifferentlightintensityFromFig.3,itisobservedthattheoutputcharacteristicofasolarcellisnon-linerandaffected图3不同光照强度下光伏系统的P-V特性从图3可以看到,光伏电池的输出特性是非线性的并且受光照强度、温度以及负载情况的影响。每条曲线都有最大B.M.WilamowskiandX.Li,“FuzzysystembasedmaximumpowerpointtrackingforPVsystem,”inProc.28thAnnu.Conf.IEEEInd.Electron.Soc.,2002,pp.3280–3284.bythelightintensity,temperatureandloadcondition.Eachcurvehasamaximumpowerpointcondition(MPP),whichistheoptimaloperationpointfortheefficientuseofthesolararray.AsshowninFig.3,iftherealoperatingpointdiffersfromtheoptimumoperatingpoint,thenpowerlossshouldbecausedinthatcircuit.Itisnecessarythatmaximumpoweralwayswouldbeextractedatanyconditioninordertoeliminatethispowerloss[4].功率点的状态,这是有效利用太阳能阵列的理想操作点。如图3所示,如果实际操作点与理想的操作点不同,那么在电路中就会引起能量损耗。因此为了消除功率损耗在任何条件下取的最大功率是必须的。Fig.4P-VcharacteristicsofPVsystematdifferenttemperatureFromFig.3,itisobservedthatwhenthelightintensityincreases,theoutputpowerwillalsoincrease.FromFig.4,itisobservedthatwiththetemperatureincreasing,theopencircuitvoltageandmaximumpowerwillfall.图4光伏系统在不同温度下的P-V特性曲线如图3所示,当光照强度增加时,输出功率增加。如图4所示,随温度的增加开路电压和最大功率降低。IIICurrentMethodstoTrackingMaximumPowerPointInordertoextractthemaximumpowerfromthesolararray,itisnecessarytooperatethesolararrayatthemaximumpowerpoint(MPP).Manymethodsfortrackingmaximumpowerpointhavebeenproposed.Sofar,twoalgorithmsoftenusedtoachievetheMPPTare:(1)Perturbationandobservationmethod;(2)Incrementalconductancemethod.[2,5,6]III当前实现最大功率跟踪的方法为了得到太阳能电池的最大功率,需要操作太阳能电池阵列工作在最大功率点。而且已经提出了许多跟踪最大功率的方法。到目前为止,实现MPPT的经常使用的两种方法是:(1)扰动观察法;(2)电导增量法。[2,5,6]A.PerturbationandobservationmethodPerturbationandobservation(P&O)method[5]hasasimplefeedbackstructureandfewermeasuredparameters.Itoperatesbyperiodicallyperturbing(incrementingordecreasing)thearrayoutputvoltageV(k)andcomparingthePVoutputpowerP(k)witht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