零售业采购知识

42420087BiomassChemicalEngineeringVol.42No.4July2008():2008-02-18:973(2004CB719700):(1961-),,,,,,;:010-82627067;E2mail:[e-mail],(,100190):,,,,,,,:;;:TQ91;Q81:A:1673-5854(2008)04-0067-06ConversionTechnologyandUitilizationofBiomassEnergy()PrincipleandApplicationforBiomassBioconversionTechnologyCHENHong2zhang,WANGLan(NationalKeyLaboratoryofBiochemicalEngineering,InstituteofProcessEngineering,CAS,Beijing100190,China)Abstract:Biomassisakindofenvironmental2friendlyrenewableresource.Higheffectiveandeconomicutilizationofbiomasswillhavegreatinfluenceonsolvingenergyproblemsandfacilitatingsocialsustainabledevelopment.However,consumingagreatdealofstarchfeedstocktoproducebiofuelwillleadtofoodstuffcrisisinourcountry.Analternativeandeffectiveresourceforenergysupplymentistheagricultural2derivedligocellulosicbiomasswhichisconsideredaspotentialmaterialforfuturebiomass2to2fuel.Thispapermainlypresentsthekeyconversiontechnologiesforutilizationoflignocelluloseincludingtopretreatment,enzymatichydrolysis,fermentationandproductsseparation.Andthepaperalsoprovidesaperspectiveonthebiomassconversiontrend,whichincludebiotransformationoflignocellulose,improvementofkeyenzymeandcontrolofmetabolicpathway,processintegra2tionandby2productutilization.Theoverallassessmentofbiomassresourcesefficiencywillassistinevaluatingtheeconomicper2formanceoflignocellulosebioconversionprocess.Keywords:biomass;lignocellulose;bioconversiontechnology,,,[1],,6842,,,,,,,,1,,,;,11[2]Fig.1Productionofchemicalsfrombiomass2,,,60%70%,,,,4:1);2);3);4)[3]2.1,,10%20%,,,4,:()69,;,;,,,,,,[4],,80%,90%2.2,,,,,,-[2]:1),-,(simultaneoussaccharificationandfermentation,SSF)[5]2),,,,,,,,,[6],,50%[7][8-9];[10-12],pH[8]()[6,13],,,2.3,,,,,,,,;,,,,,,,1/3,25[14],7042,,3550,[15],,,[16],,,,[17]2.4,(),,,,(membraneseparation),,,(ultrofiltration,UF)(microfiltra2tion,MF)(reverseosmosis,RO)(pervaporation,PV)(gasperme2ation,GP)(electrodialysis,ED)[18],[19-20],,1,,1[18]Table1Comparisonofvariousproductseparationandpurificationtechniquesmethodprincipleadvantagedisadvantage/liquid/liquidextraction,,,,perstraction/,,,membraneevaporation,,,pervaporation,,,reverseosmosisadsorption,,,,gasstripping,,/,,,,33.1,,,,,2006,,3000[4],,,,4,:()713.2,,,,(Trichodermareesei),,[17],(Saccharomycescere2visiae),,,,3.3,,,[14],:1);2);3);4),,,,,,,,,,22Fig.2Multipleutilizationofsteam2explodedbiomassafterfractionationprocess4,,,[21]5,20%,,,,,Manish[22](netenergyratio,NER)(energyefficien2cy)(greenhousegasemissions)(steammethanereforming,SMR),CO257%73%,65%79%,,,7242,[23],(netrenewableenergyvalue),(netenergyvalue),,,,,,,,521,,,,,,,,:[1].()[J].,2007,41(3):59-65.[2].[M].:,2005:46-57,129-130.[3]GALBEM,ZACCHIG.Areviewoftheproductionofethanolfromsoftwood[J].AppliedMicrobiologyandBiotechnology.2002,59(6):618-628.[4],.[J].,2007,19(7/8):1116-1121.[5],,.[J].,2005(5):161-163.[6]J0\RGENSENH,KRISTENSENJB,FELBYC.Enzymaticconver2sionoflignocelluloseintofermentablesugars:Challengesandopportunities[J].Biofuels,BioproductsandBiorefining,2007,1(2):119-134.[7]GREGGDJ,SADDLEJN.Factorsaffectingcellulosehydrolysisandthepotentialofenzymerecycletoenhancetheefficiencyofanintegratedwoodtoethanolprocess[J].BiotechnologyandBioengi2neering,1996,51(4):375-383.[8]RAMOSLP,SADDLEJN.Enzymerecyclingduringfed2batchhydrolysisofcellulosederivedfromsteam2explodedEucalyptusviminalis[J].AppliedBiochemistryBiotechnology,1994(45/46):193-207.[9]STEELEB,RAJS,NGHIEMJ,etal.Enzymerecoveryandrecy2clingfollowinghydrolysisofammoniafiberexplosion2treatedcornstover[J].AppliedBiochemistryandBiotechnology,2005,124(1):901-910.[10]VALLANDERL,ERIKSSONKE.Enzymerecirculationinsac2charificationoflignocellulosicmaterials[J].EnzymeandMicro2bialTechnology,1987,9(12):714-720.[11]GIRARDDJ,CONVERSEAO.Recoveryofcellulasefromlignaceoushydrolysisresidue[J].AppliedBiochemistryandBio2technology,1993(39/40):521-533.[12]LEED,YUAHC,SADDLEJN.Evaluationofcellulaserecy2clingstrategiesforthehydrolysisoflignocellulosicsubstrates[J].BiotechnologyandBioengineering,1995,45(4):328-336.[13]CASTANONM,WILKECR.Effectsofthesurfactanttween80onenzymatichydrolysisofnewspaper[J].BiotechnologyandBioengineering,1981,23(6):1365-1372.[14].[M].:,2004:83-94[15],.[J].,2007,41(3):11-14.[16],.[J].,2007,7(6):1212-1216.[17]LYNDLR,WEIMERPJ,VANZYLWH,etal.Microbialcelluloseutilization:Fundamentalsandbiotechnology[J].Micro2biologyandMolecularBiologyReviews,2002,66(3):506-577.[18],,,.[R].2007,:,2007:94-103.[19]QURESHIN,HUGHESS,MADDOXI,etal.Energy2efficientrecoveryofbutanolfrommodelsolutionsandfermentationbrothbyadsorption[J].BioprocessandBiosystemsEngineering,2005,27(4):215-222.[20]EZEJITC,KARCHERPM,QURESHIN,etal.Improvingperformanceofagasstripping2basedrecoverysystemtoremovebutanolfromClostridiumbeijerinckiifermentation[J].BioprocessBiosystemsEngineering,2005,27(3):207-214.[21],.[J].,2002,4(3):85-87.[22]MANISHS,BANERJEER.Comparisonofbiohydrogenproduc2tionprocesses[J].InternationalJournalofHydrogenEnergy,2008,33(1):279-286[23],,,.[J].,2005,21(11):121-123.