同位语从句.

Grammar同位语从句语法精解(一)1.同位语theAppositive同位语是句子成分的一种,它位于名词、代词后面,说明它们的性质和情况,它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。同位语的表现形式有以下几种：(1)名词Tom,ourmonitor,isahandsomeboy.(2)代词Imyselfwilldotheexperiment.(3)数词Sheistheoldestamongthemsix.(4)从句Hetoldmethenewsthattheplanehadexploded.他告诉我飞机爆炸的消息。(5)由suchas,thatis引导Somesubjects,suchasmathsandphysics,areverydifficulttolearn.某些学科,例如数学和物理,是很难学的。(6)由of引导ThecityofBeijinghasbeengreatlychangedsince2000.自从2000年以来,北京市发生了很大的变化。(7)由or引导Thefreezingtemperature,orfreezingpoint,isthetemperatureatwhichwaterfreezesunderordinarypressure.结冰温度即冰点,是水在常压下结冰时的温度。2.同位语从句theAppositiveclause(1)同位语从句的定义在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句的一种。它在句中起同位语的作用。语法精解(二)它一般放在fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,information,belief,thought,doubt,promise,question等名词的后面,对前面的名词作进一步的解释,说明前面名词的具体含义。引导同位语从句的词有连词that,whether,连接代词who,which,what,和连接副词how,when,where,why等。•Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthematchistrue.•Themothermadeapromisethatshewouldbuythesonacomputer.•Ihadnoideathatyouwerehere.•同位语从句一般跟在某些名词之后,用以说明或解释前面的名词,引导同位语从句的连词常用that.•根据句子的意思，引导同位语的词还有whether,how，when，where等。Heoftenaskshisgirlfriendaquestionwhethersheloveshim.Ihavenoideawherehehasgone.•我不知道他去了哪里。Ihavenoideawhathedid.•我不知道他做了什么。1.Thefact____sheworkshardiswellknowntousall.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.which2.Thenews____hewaskidnapped(绑架)surprisedusgreatly.A.whatB.thatC.whyD.when3.Ihavenoidea____hewillstart.A.whenB.thatC.whatD./4.I'vecomefromthegovernmentwithamessage____themeetingwon'tbeheldtomorrow.A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.which5.Thethought____hemightfailintheexamworriedhim.A.whenB.whichC.whatD.that6.Heoftenaskedmethequestion____theworkwasworthdoing.A.whetherB.whereC.thatD.when同位语从句有时被别的词把它和名词隔开：注意:ThestorygoesthatWilliamTellkilledthekingwithanarrow.Wordcamethattheirteamhadwon.同位语从句与它所修饰的名词一般可变成一个表语从句。Heheardthenewsthattheirteamhadwon.此句可以变为一个表语从句:Thenewswasthattheirteamhadwon.重点1如何判断同位语从句？WeexpressthehopethattheywillcometovisitChinaagain.(同位语从句)Thosewhowanttogopleasesigntheirnameshere.(定语从句)同位语从句与定语从句的区别:判断下面的从句是什么从句。重点2同位语从句与定语从句的区别:1.同位语从句所说明的名词与从句没有逻辑关系(名词不能代入从句)；定语从句所限定的名词是从句逻辑上的主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等(名词能代入从句)。Thenewsthattheywonthematchistrue.(同位语从句)Thenewsthatyoutoldusyesterdayistrue.(定语从句)Theorderwhenweshouldgobackhasn’treachedus.(同位语从句)ThedaywhenNewChinawasfoundedwillneverbeforgotten.(定语从句)2.引导同位语从句的连词不可省略;引导定语从句的关系代词作宾语时常可省略。Thenewsthathehasbeenelectedmonitorofourclassistrue.Thenews(that)hetoldmeisexciting.1.TwofifthsofallgirlsinAmericaareonadiet./Thefactworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.2.TheQueenofEnglandwasonafour-dayvisitinChina./Weheardthenewslastnight.3.Studentsshouldbegivenmorefreetime./Thesuggestioniswelcomedbymanypeople.练习把下面两个句子连成一个含同位语从句的复合句。1.TwofifthsofallgirlsinAmericaareonadiet./Thefactworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.ThefactthattwofifthsofallgirlsinAmericaareonadietworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.2.TheQueenofEnglandwasonafour-dayvisitinChina./Weheardthenewslastnight.WeheardthenewslastnightthattheQueenofEnglandwasonafour-dayvisitinchina.3.Studentsshouldbegivenmorefreetime./Thesuggestioniswelcomedbymanypeople.Thesuggestionthatstudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetimeiswelcomedbymanypeople.1.Iaskedher__________shehadabike.2.We’reworriedabout________heissafe.3.________wewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather.4.Thequestionis_________heshoulddoit.5.Idon’tknow___________heiswellornot.6.Idon’tknow_______togo.7.Wearediscussing________wearegoingtohaveaholiday.if/whetherWhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherif和whether的选用whetherSummary总结(不能使用if的情况)：1.介词后的宾语从句只能用whether.(butthat,exceptthat,inthat除外）2.主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句中只能用whether.3.whetherornot连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if.4.whethertodo做动词宾语,不能用iftodo.5.discuss后如用“是否”，只能用whether.3.Teenagersshouldn’tspendtoomuchtimeonline./ManyChineseparentsholdtheview.ManyChineseparentsholdtheviewthatteenagersshouldn’tspendtoomuchtimeonline.4.Timetravelispossible./Wehavenoscientificprooffortheidea.Wehavenoscientificprooffortheideathattimetravelispossible.6.Wedon’tthinkyoutwohavemetbefore.我们想你们两位以前没有见过面。(宾语从句)翻译句子,并说明这个名词性从句的作用。7.ItiscertainthatJohnwilldowellinhisexam.约翰肯定会考好。(主语从句)8.Whethertheyarecomingornotdon’tmattertoomuch.他们来不来无关紧要。(主语从句)9.Nowiswhenweneedhimmost.现在是我们最需要他的时候。(表语从句)10.Ihavenoideahowshegotthroughtheforest.我不知道她是如何穿过那个森林的。(同位语从句)11.Thefactthattheywontheprizemadeushappy.他们获奖的事实令我们高兴。(同位语从句)用适当的连接代词或连接副词填空。12.Ican’tdecide_____bookIshouldbuy.13.Chinaisnolonger____itusedtobe.14.Iamveryinterestedin____heimprovedhisEnglishinsuchashorttime.15.____weneedismoremoney.whichwhathowWhat16.Thetruth___theearthturnsaroundthesunisknowntous.17._____and_____wewillmeethasnotbeendecidedyet.thatWhenwhere用名词性从句完成下列句子。18.Thenews______________________________________________________(她通过了高考)isexciting.19.Mikemadeapromise__________________________________(他将帮助我学习英语)thatshehaspassedthenationalcollegeentranceexaminationthathewouldhelpmewithmyEnglish.25.Oneofthemheldtheview__thebooksaidwasright.A.whatthatB.thatwhatC.thatD.whether单项选择26.Thereason___hehastogois___hismotherisillinbed.A,why;whyB.why;becauseC.why;thatD.that;because27.Theyreceivedorders___theworkbedonerightaway.A.whi