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第一章导论一名词解释DefinitionExplanation（3pointseach,12intotal）1.地基Ground:2.基础Foundation:3.Naturalground(天然地基):4.Artificialground（人工地基）:5.永久作用PermanentAction6.可变作用VariableAction7.地基容许承载力：theallowablebearingcapacityofground8.基底压力：（basepressure）二简答题1.基础工程设计计算的基本原则有哪些？Whatarebasicprinciplesoffoundationengineeringincalculationanddesign?第二章天然地基上的浅基础一名词解释1.刚性基础(rigidfoundation)2.柔性基础(flexiblefoundation)3.刚性扩大基础(rigidspreadfoundation)4.刚性角（rigidangle.）5.板桩墙支护：（SupportofSheetPileWall）二简答题1.浅基础与深基础有哪些区别？Whataredifferencesbetweenshallowfoundationanddeepfoundation?2.简述刚性基础的优缺点？Whatareadvantagesanddisadvantagesofrigidfoundation?3.确定基础埋置深度需要考虑哪些因素？Whatfactorsshouldbeconsideredtodeterminetheembeddeddepthoffoundation?4、刚性扩大基础在设计计算时，有哪些计算和验算项目？Whatarecalculationandcheckingcontentsincalculationanddesignofrigidspreadfoundation?5、浅基础的常用类型是什么？Whatarecommontypesofshallowfoundation?6、喷射混凝土护壁的基本原理是什么？WhatarebasicprincipleofWallProtectionbySprayConcrete?7、基坑排水的常用方法？WhatarecommonmethodsofFoundationPitDrainage?8、板桩墙的作用是什么？WhatarefunctionofSheetPileWall?9、确定地基容许承载力的方法？Whataremethodstodeterminetheallowablebearingcapacityofground?三计算题第三章桩基础的基本知识及施工1.钻孔灌注桩：Boredcast-in-situpile2.摩擦桩Frictionpile：3.端承桩Endbearingpile：4.正循环旋转钻进成孔Positivecycleindrillingprocess:5.反循环旋转钻进成孔inversecycleindrillingprocess二简答题1.简述桩基础的作用。Whatarefunctionsofpilefoundation?2.简述桩基础的特点？Whatarecharacteristicsofpilefoundation?3简述桩基础的适用范围？Whatareapplicationsofpilefoundation?4.简述钻孔灌注桩的施工过程。Pleasewritetheconstructionprocessofboredcast-in-situpile5.护筒的作用是什么？Whatarefunctionsofcasingpipeintheconstructionprocessofboredcast-in-situpile?6、泥浆的作用是什么？Whatarefunctionsofslurryintheconstructionprocessofboredcast-in-situpile?7、钻孔过程中常发生的质量问题有哪些？如何处理？WhatareCommonQualityProblemandTreatmentsinDrillingProcessofpilefoundation?8、简述清孔的目的及常用的方法。Pleasewritepurposeandcommonmethodsofclearinghole.第三章桩基础的设计计算一名词解释1.单桩承载力容许值Bearingcapacityofsinglepile:2、桩的垂直静载试验法：staticloadingtestofpile3、负摩阻力Negativeskinfrictionofpile:4、土的弹性抗力soilelasticresistance:5、群桩效应pilegroupeffect6、中性点Thelocationwherepositiveskinfrictionandnegativeskinfrictionchangewitheachotherisneutralpoint.7、地基系数FoundationCoefficient8、单排桩：One-rowpilefoundation:9、多排桩：Multi-rowpile:10、桩的计算宽度：calculatingwidthofpile二简答题1.简述桩侧摩阻力的影响因素。Pleasewritefactorsofsidefrictionresistanceofpile?2.简述桩底阻力的影响因素Pleasewritefactorsofendresistanceofpile?3.简述单桩在轴向受压荷载作用下的破坏模式有哪些？Pleasewritefailuremodesofsinglepileunderaxialcompressiveloads4．刚性桩和弹性桩的特点有哪些？Whatarecharacteristicsofrigidpileandelasticpile?5.桩侧的正摩阻力和负摩阻力有什么区别？对单桩的轴向承载力各有何影响？Whatarepositiveskinfrictionofpileandnegativeskinfrictionofpile?Whatistheimpactofnegativeskinfrictionontheaxialbearingcapacityofsinglepile?6、“m”法中弹性桩计算的基本假定有哪些？Whatarebasicassumptionswhen“m”methodisusedtocalculateelasticpile?7、简述桩基础的计算和验算项目。Pleasewritecalculationandcheckingcontentsofpilefoundation?8、简述桩的负摩阻力产生的原因。Pleasewritecausesledtonegativeskinfrictionofpile第五章、沉井基础1、沉井基础opencaissonfoundation2、一般沉井generalcaisson:3、浮运沉井floatingcaisson:1、简述沉井基础的适用场合。Whatareapplicationsofopencaissonfoundation?2、简述沉井基础的特点Whatarecharacteristicsofopencaissonfoundation?3、简述沉井基础的组成及各部分的作用。Pleasewritecompositionsofopencaissonfoundationandfunctionofeachpart.4、简述旱地上沉井基础的施工工序。Pleasewritetheconstructionprocedureofopencaissonfoundationondryland.5、简述沉井下沉过程中遇到的问题以及处理方法。WhatareCommonQualityProblemandTreatmentsinsinkingProcessofopencaissonfoundation?6、沉井作为整体深基础设计与计算时的基本假定是什么？Whatarebasicassumptionswhenopencaissonfoundationiscalculatedasawholedeepfoundation?第六章地基处理1、复合地基。Compositefoundation:Partofthenaturalgroundisenhancedorreplacedingroundtreatment,orreinforcedmaterialsareplacedinthenaturalground.Reinforcedareaistheartificialgroundwhichiscomposedmatrixandreinforcement.Matrixandreinforcementbearloadingstogether.2、地基处理Groundtreatment3、软弱土地基Softground:4、换土垫层法作用有哪些？whatarefunctionsofsoilreplacementcushionmethod?5、简述地基处理的目的及主要方法。Pleasewritepurposesandcommonmethodsofgroundtreatment.第七章特殊土地基上的基础工程1、湿陷性黄土collapsibleloess湿陷性黄土：黄土的一种，凡天然黄土在一定压力作用下，受水浸湿后，土的结构迅速破坏，发生显著的湿陷变形，强度也随之降低的，称为湿陷性黄土。Onekindofloess,underacertainpressure,thesoilstructureofthenaturalloessdestroysafteritissoakedbywater,significantCollapsibledeformationisproducedanditsstrengthisreduced,thiskindofloessiscollapsibleloess.2、多年冻土permafrost:durationofsoilfreezingisnotlessthanthreeyears,thiskindoffrozensoilispermafrost.3、季节性冻土：土层冬季冻结，夏季全部融化，冻结延续时间一般不超过一个季节，其下边界线称为冻深线或冻结线。seasonalfrozensoil:soilisfrozeninwinterandmeltinsummer,generallydurationofsoilfreezingisnotmorethanaseason,itsbottomlineiscalledfrostlineorfrozenline.