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1.名词如BeijingChinabooksadness1gun。2family。3air。4work。数目1.1名词复数的规则变化情况构成方法读音例词一般情况加-s清辅音后读/s/map-maps浊辅音和元音后读/z/bag-bags/car-cars以s,sh,ch,x等结尾,加–es,读/iz/,bus-buses/watch-watches以ce,se,ze,等结尾,加–s,读/iz/,license-licenses以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i再加es,读/z/,baby---babies1.2其它名词复数的规则变化1以y+ystwoMarystheHenrysmonkey---monkeysholiday---holidays2以oa.无生命的加sphoto---photospiano---pianosradio---radioszoo---zoosb.有生命的加espotato--potatoestomato--tomatoesc.上述a和bzero---zeros/zeroes。3以f或fea.加sbelief---beliefsroof---roofssafe---safesgulf---gulfsb.去f,fe加veshalf---halvesknife---knivesleaf---leaveswolf---wolveswife---wiveslife---livesthief---thievesc.上述a和bhandkerchief:handkerchiefs/handkerchieves。1.3名词复数的不规则变化1child---childrenfoot---feettooth---teethmouse---miceman---menwoman---womenman或woman-men和-womenanEnglishmantwoEnglishmen。但GermanGermansBowmantheBowmans。2deersheepfishChineseJapaneselijinyuantwolithreemufourjinadollar,twodollars;ameter,twometers。3peoplepolicecattleapeopleapoliceacattleapersonapolicemanaheadofcattle,theEnglishtheBritishtheFrenchtheChinesetheJapanesetheSwissTheChineseareindustriesandbrave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。4以sa.mathspoliticsphysicsb.news为不可数名词。c.theUnitedStatestheUnitedNations应视为单数。TheUnitedNationswasorganizedin1945.联合国是1945年组建起来的。d.TheArabianNightsisaveryinterestingstory-book.《一千零一夜》是一本非常有趣的故事书。5glassestrousers,clothespair;suit;apairofglasses;twopairsoftrousers等。6goodswaters水域fishes1.4不可数名词量的表示1a.当物质名词转化为个体名词时为可数。Cakeisakindoffood.蛋糕是一种食物。Thesecakesaresweet.这些蛋糕很好吃。b.Thisfactoryproducessteel.Weneedvarioussteels.c.Ourcountryisfamousfortea.我国因茶叶而闻名。Twoteas,please.请来两杯茶。2fourfreedoms四大自由thefourmodernizations四个现代化aglassofwater一杯水/apieceofadvice一则建议。5.定语名词的复数1)sportsmeeting运动会studentsreading-room学生阅览室talkstable谈判桌theforeignlanguagesdepartment外语系2man,woman,gentlemanmenworkerswomenteachersgentlemenofficials3有些原有ssgoodstrainarmsproduce武器生产customspapers海关文件clothesbrush衣刷4数词+two-dozeneggs两打鸡蛋aten-milewalk十英里路two-hundredtrees两百棵树afive-yearplan.一个五年计划1.7名词的格英语中有些名词可以加'sateacher'sbook1单数名词词尾加's没有s'stheboy'sbagmen'sroom男厕所。2若名词已有复数词尾-s'theworkers'struggle工人的斗争。3凡不能加's名词+of+名词thetitleofthesong歌的名字。4thebarber's理发店。5's分别有's'共有'。例John'sandMary'sroomsJohnandMary'sroom6'samonthortwo'sabsence动名词的规则变化1ingwork----workingstudy-----studying2eeingtake-----takingmake-----making3ingcut-----cuttingputbegin4ieyinglie-----lyingtie-----tyingdie-----dying