名词种类及单复数变化•个体名词:boy,girl,teacher,school,book,room,pen,pencil,desk,apple…具体可见的,可以数出数量的个体。•抽象名词•happiness,misery,difficulty,•love,honesty,courage•••不能看到的抽象概念。二.名词种类与名词的数1)所有的专有名词都是不可数名词。2)个体名词通常都是可数的。3)集体名词和成双成对的名词永远用作复数。people,police,trousers,glasses4)物质名词和抽象名词为不可数名词。特殊情况:1.有些名词,如:family,class,team等既可用作单数又可用作复数。•当强调整体时,常用作单数;•当强调整体中的各个成员时,常为复数。例:Thefamilyisquitebig.这是个大家庭。Thefamilyareenjoyingthemselvesinthepark.家里的每个人都玩得很高兴。2)有些名词既可作可数名词也可作不可数词,但词义有所不同。sand沙sands沙滩wood木头woods森林fish鱼肉fish鱼orange橙汁anorange桔子chicken鸡肉achicken小鸡room空间、余地aroom房间三.可数名词复数变化规则1.一般情况在词尾加-s,例如:book→books,girl→girls,boy→boyspen→pens,doctor→doctors2.以s,x,ch,sh,结尾的词加-es,例如:bus→buses,box→boxes,watch→watches,brush→brushes3.以o结尾的词加-es。例如:hero→heroes,potato→potatoes但词末为两个元音字母的词只加-s。例如:zoo→zoos,radio→radios缩写词也只加-s,例如:photo→photos•Sumup:以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词,在其词尾加espotatosomepotatoestomatofivetomatoesSumup:以辅音字母加O结尾的名词,在其词尾加es.但photo、piano(钢琴)除外,photos,pianos.knifefourknivesleafsomeleavesSumup:以f或fe结尾的名词要将f或fe变为V再加es.babyfivebabiesboythreeboys以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,要变y为i再加es.4.以f或fe结尾的词,多数变f为v,再加-es,如:knife→knives,leaf→leaves,half→halves5.以辅音母加y结尾的词变“y”为“i”,再加-es,如:city→cities,factory→factories但注意:以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加s,如:boy→boys,day→days6.不规则变化man-men,woman-womenfoot-feet,tooth-teethchild-children,ox-oxen,mouse-micefish-fish,sheep-sheep,deer-deer7.表示国籍名词单复数变化规律ChineseChineseJapaneseJapaneseFrenchmanFrenchmenEnglishmanEnglishmenGermanGermansAmericanAmericansEgyptianEgyptiansRussianRussiansItalianItalians四.不可数名词数量的表示1.of短语:不能说onebread,但是可以说:onepieceofbreadtwopiecesofbread2.量词:1)只能用来修饰不可数名词:alittle,much,abitof2)既能用来修饰可数名词又能用来修饰不可数名词:some,alotof,lotsof练习1.—Whatdoyouwant?—Iwant___.A.pieceofbreadB.twopieceofbreadC.abreadD.somebread2.___isstandingatthecornerofthestreet.A.ApoliceB.ThepoliceC.PoliceD.Apoliceman3.Canyouseenine________inthepicture?A.sheepB.dogC.pigD.horse4.The_______hastwo___________.A.boys,watchesB.boy,watchC.boy,watchesD.boys,watch5.BothMarxandEngleswere_____.A.GermanB.GermansC.GermanyD.fromGerman3.Canyouseenine________inthepicture?A.sheepB.dogC.pigD.horse4.The_______hastwo___________.A.boys,watchesB.boy,watchC.boy,watchesD.boys,watch5.BothMarxandEngleswere_____.A.GermanB.GermansC.GermanyD.fromGerman6.Everymorningbeforeheleaves,hismotherwouldputsome______inhisbag.A.orangeB.oranges7.Weallbelievethatourteam____thestrongestofall.A.isB.areA.orangeB.oranges7.Weallbelievethatourteam____thestrongestofall.A.isB.are6.Everymorningbeforeheleaves,hismotherwouldputsome______inhisbag.名词所有格名词所有格的分类名词所有格可分为三种:1、有生命名词的所有格2、无生命名词的所有格3、双重所有格名词所有格一、有生命的名词所有格:’s+名词“的”a.当名词不是s结尾时,用’sLucy’shair/mymother’sbaglucy的头发/我妈妈的袋子b.当名词是s结尾时,则用s’students’reading–room学生们的阅览室workers’club工人俱乐部注意:Women’sDay妇女节Children’sDay儿童节Teachers’Day教师节c.表示时间、距离、国家、城市的名词,加’s构成所有格fiveminutes’walk=afive-minutewalkeightmiles’journey=an8-milejourneyd.双重所有格:of+名词所有格/of+名词性的物主代词afriendofmine,anoldphotoofmyfather’s.e.共同所有格与个体所有格:共有的东西,所有格也共有;分开的东西,所有格也分开.She’sTomandJim’smother.(同一个母亲)They’reTom’sandJim’smothers.(各自的母亲)二、表示无生命的名词所有格用“of“教室的门thedooroftheclassroom山顶thetopofthehill树叶theleavesofthetree社会的发展Thedevelopmentofthesociety书的封面Thecoverofabook双重所有格双重所有格由“of+名词所有格”如:或“of+名词性物主代词”如:我爸爸的一个朋友afriendofmyfather's她妹妹的一幅画apictureofhersister's我的一个朋友afriendofmine我的一本书abookofmineHaveaniceday!