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(一)nose；naso-,rhino-1.nosecleft鼻畸形2.nostril鼻孔3.nasoantral鼻上颌窦的4.nasolabial鼻唇的5.nasomanometer鼻压计6.nasopharyngeal鼻咽的7.nasoseptal鼻中隔8.nasosinusitis鼻窦炎9.rhinocarcinoma鼻癌10.rhinocnesmus鼻痒11.rhinodynia鼻痛12.rhinorrhea鼻漏13.allergicrhinitis过敏性鼻炎（二）throat；近义构型词laryngo-1.laryngalgia喉痛2.laryngectomy喉切除术3.laryngemphraxis喉阻塞4.laryngendoscope喉镜5.laryngismal喉痉挛的6.laryngitis喉炎7.laryngocarcinoma喉癌8.laryngocele喉膨出9.laryngocentesis喉穿刺术10.laryngopharyngitis咽喉炎11.pharyngalgia[færin'gældʒiə];pharyngodynia[,færiŋ'ɡɔdiniə]咽痛（三）glottis；近义构型词glotto-1．glottidectomy声门切除术2.glottidospasm声门痉挛3.glottiscope声门镜4.glottogram声门图5．glottisfalse假声门6.glottography声门描记法7.glottal声门的8.glottisvera声门裂9.glottitis舌炎10.glottology舌学（四）trachea,windpipe近义构型词tracheo-1.tracheoaerocele气管气疝2.tracheobronchitis气管支气管炎3.tracheocarcinoma气管癌4.tracheoesophageal气管食管的5.tracheolaryngeal气管喉的6.tracheole小气管7.tracheomalacia气管软化8.tracheopathy气管病9.tracheorrhagia气管出血10.tracheoscopy气管镜检（五）bronchus；近义构型词broncho-,bronchiolo-1.bronchia小气管2.bronchiectasia支气管扩张3.bronchiogenic支气管源的4.bronchiolitis细支气管炎5.bronchismus支气管痉挛6.bronchitis支气管炎7.bronchoadenitis支气管淋巴结炎8.bronchodilatation支气管扩张术9.bronchoedema支气管水肿10.bronchoesophagoscope支气管食管镜11.chronicbronchitis慢性支气管炎12.COPDchronicobstructivepulmonarydisease慢阻肺13.Bronchialasthma支气管哮喘14.Primarybronchogeniccarcinoma原发性支气管源性肺癌(六)lung；近义构型词pulmo(no)-,pneumono-1.pulmogram肺X线照片2.pulmometer肺量计3.pulmonectomy肺切除术4.pulmonitis肺炎5.pulmonohepatic肺肝的6.pneumonemia肺充血7.pneumomalacia肺软化8.pneumochysis肺水肿9.pneumococci肺炎球菌10.pneumobacillus肺炎杆菌11.communityacquiredpneumonia(CAP)社区获得性肺炎12.hospitalacquiredpneumonia(HAP)医院获得性肺炎13.nosocomicalpneumonia(NP)医院内肺炎14.Lobarpneumonia大叶性肺炎15.Lobularpneumonia小叶性肺炎16.hypersensitivitypneumonia过敏性肺炎17.extrinisicallergicalveolitis外源性过敏性肺泡炎18.lungabsess肺脓肿19.pulmonarytuberculosis肺结核20lungcancer:肺癌primarybronchogeniccarcinoma原发性支气管肺癌squamous['skweiməs]cellcarcinoma鳞癌adenocarcinoma腺癌['ædənəu,kɑ:si'nəumə]bronchoalveolarcellcarcinoma支气管肺泡细胞癌smallcelllungcarcinoma（SCLC）小细胞肺癌pulmonarymetastasis肺转移瘤[mə'tæstəsis]21.interstitiallungdisease,ILD弥漫性间质性肺疾病idiopathicpulmonaryfibrosis,IPF特发性肺纤维化[,idiə'pæθik]cryptogenicfibrosingalveolitis,CFA隐源性纤维化性肺泡炎connectivetissuerelatedlungdiseases结缔组织相关性肺疾病Sarcoidosis结节病22.pulmonaryvasculardiseases肺血管疾病pulmonaryembolism（PE）肺栓塞pulmonarythromboembolism(PTE)肺血栓栓塞症pulmonaryinfarction肺梗死deepvenousthrombosis,DVT深静脉血栓形成corpulmonale肺源性心脏病['kɔ:,pumə'næli]pulmonaryhypertension肺动脉高压pulmonaryencephalopathy肺性脑病Pulmonaryarterialstenosis肺动脉狭窄23.Pulmonaryalveolarproteinosis[prəutii'nəusis]PAP肺泡蛋白沉积Idiopathicpulmonaryhemosiderosis特发性肺含铁血黄素沉着病Langerhanscellgranulomatosis朗格汉斯细胞肉芽肿病Eosinophilicgranuloma嗜酸性肉芽肿[,i:əsinə'filik]HistiocytosisX组织细胞增多症XWegenergranulomatosisWegener肉芽肿pneumoconiosis尘肺['nju:mə,kəuni'əusis]drug-inducedlungdisease药物性肺病allergicbronchopulmonaryaspergillosis(ABPA)曲菌病ALIAcutelunginjury急性肺损伤ARDSacuterespiratorydistresssyndrome急性呼吸窘迫综合征OSASobstructivesleepapneasyndrome阻塞性呼吸暂停综合征24.Pulmonaryedema肺水肿emphysematous肺大泡pulmonaryemphysema肺气肿pyopneumothorax脓气胸pneumonemia肺充血25.pleura；近义构型词pleuro-pleurobronchitis胸膜支气管炎pleurodesis胸膜固定术pleurodynia胸膜痛pleuriticchestpain胸膜型胸痛pleurography胸膜腔X线摄影术pleurohepatitis胸膜肝炎pleuropericarditis胸膜心包炎pleuroperitoneum胸腹膜pleurorrhea胸膜腔渗液pleuroscopy胸膜腔镜检查pleurotomy胸膜切开术26.fever发热cough咳嗽nonproductivecough干咳drycough干咳Sputum痰dry,purulent['pjuərjulənt]脓性的copious['kəupiəs]greensputum大量绿色痰，tenacious[ti'neiʃəs,tə-]yellowsputum黄粘痰，frothywhitesputum白色泡沫痰，rustysputum铁锈色痰wheezing喘息Dyspneaduringexertion[iɡ'zə:ʃən]oratrest呼吸困难Orthopnea[ɔ:'θɔpniə]端坐呼吸Paroxysmalnocturnaldyspnea夜间阵发性呼吸困难Shortnessofbreath（SOB）气短Chesttightness胸部紧迫感exerciseintolerance运动障碍hemoptysis咯血Bucking呛咳sneeze喷嚏snore打鼾malaise[mæ'leiz]不舒服myalgia[mai'ældʒiə]肌痛insomnia[in'sɔmniə]失眠hoarseness声嘶dysphonia[dis'fəuniə]发声困难27.clubbedfingers杵状指:cyanosis[,saiə'nəusis]发绀:deoxyhemoglobin[di:,ɔksi'heməu,ɡləubin]去氧血红蛋白peripheral[pə'rifərəl]外围的,次要的handflap:扑翼样震颤papilloedema视乳头水肿chemosis球结膜水肿enlargedsupraclaviculalymphnodes锁骨上的淋巴结增大axillary[æk'siləri]lymphnodes腋窝淋巴结respiratoryrate呼吸频率tachycardia心动过速kyphosis[kai'fəusis]驼背，脊柱后凸Inspection:视诊tachypnea[,tækip'ni:ə]呼吸急促sternocleidomastoid['stə:nəu,klaidə'mæstɔid]muscle胸锁乳突肌wideornarrowintercostal[,intə'kɔstəl]space肋间隙tactilevocalfremitus触觉语颤subcutaneouscrepitus皮下捻发感Percussion:叩诊resonance清音dullness浊音flatness实音hyperresonance过清音tympany/timp2ni/鼓音scapular['skæpjulə]肩胛的rangeofmobility[məu'biləti]移动度Auscultation[,ɔ:skəl'teiʃən]:听诊vocalresonance语音共振ronchi:wheeze,stridor['straidə]喘鸣,crackles['krækl]发出细碎的爆裂声,Velcro-likesoundesmoistrales:湿罗音(coarse粗的,medium中等的,fine细的,crepitus捻发音）pleuralfrictionrubs胸膜摩擦音completeabsenceofbreathsounds呼吸音完全消失ankleedema踝水肿weightloss体重减轻cachexia[kə'keksiə]恶病质，cachectic[kə'kektik]恶病质的decreasedfoodappetite=lossofappetite=anorexia[,ænə'reksiə]食欲减退28.常做的检查examinationsorlaboratoryfindingstemperaturecharts体温图(takeone’sbodytemperature)sputumpot痰盂blood/urine/stoolroutine血/尿/大便常规occult['ɔkʌlt/bloodtest潜隐血试验bloodbiochemistry血生化sputum/bloodculture痰/血培养drugsensitivitytest药敏试验sputumcytology[sai'tɔlədʒi]痰细胞学pulseoxime