第一章《免疫学概论》练习题一、单项选择题1.免疫是指·······························································()A、机体识别和排除抗原性异物的功能B、机体清除和杀伤自身突变细胞的功能C、机体清除自身衰老、死亡的组织细胞的功能D、机体对病原微生物的防御2.免疫对机体是····························································()A、有害的B、有利的C、有利也有害D、正常条件下有利,异常条件下有害3.机体抵抗病原微生物感染的功能称为········································()A、免疫监视B、免疫自稳C、免疫耐受D、免疫防御4.机体免疫系统识别和清除突变细胞的功能称为································()A、免疫监视B、免疫自稳C、免疫耐受D、免疫防御5.机体免疫系统对自身正常成分耐受,清除衰老、损伤细胞的功能称为··············()A、免疫监视B、免疫自稳C、免疫耐受D、免疫防御6.关于固有免疫的特点,下列表述错误的是·····································()A、可遗传B、感染早期起主要作用C、无免疫记忆D、特异性7.关于固有免疫的特点,下列表述错误的是·····································()A、可遗传B、感染后期及防止再感染中起主要作用C、无免疫记忆D、非特异性8.关于固有免疫的特点,下列表述错误的是·····································()A、可遗传B、感染早期起主要作用C、有免疫记忆D、非特异性9.关于适应性免疫的特点,下列表述错误的是··································()A、获得性B、感染早期起主要作用C、有免疫记忆D、特异性10.关于适应性免疫的特点,下列表述错误的是··································()A、可遗传B、感染后期及防止再感染中起主要作用C、有免疫记忆D、特异性11.关于适应性免疫的特点,下列表述错误的是··································()A、获得性B、感染后期及防止再感染中起主要作用C、无免疫记忆D、特异性12.属于固有免疫应答的细胞是···············································()A、T淋巴细胞B、B淋巴细胞C、NK细胞D、上皮细胞13.属于适应性免疫应答的细胞是·············································()A、单核-巨噬细胞B、中性粒细胞C、NK细胞D、T、B淋巴细胞二、填空题1.最早接种人痘苗预防天花的国家是。2.免疫系统由、和组成。3.机体的免疫应答可分为两种类型,一种称,另一种称。4.免疫系统三大功能包括、、。5.在异常情况下,免疫防御功能异常可发生____________,免疫防御功能过低或缺如则可发生____________病,免疫自稳功能异常易发生____________病;免疫监视功能低下可发生_____________。6.固有免疫细胞通过受体识别病原生物表达的。7.固有免疫细胞有、、、等。三、名词解释免疫PAMPPRR四、简答题1.简述免疫系统的三大功能及其生理表现和病理表现。2.试比较固有免疫和适应性免疫的作用特点。第二章《免疫器官和组织》练习题一、单项选择题1.人类的中枢免疫器官是····················································()A、淋巴结和脾脏B、胸腺和骨髓C、淋巴结和胸腺D、骨髓和黏膜相关淋巴组织2.T细胞和B细胞定居的场所是··············································()A、骨髓B、外周免疫器官和组织C、中枢免疫器官D、胸腺3.下列哪种器官是最大的外周免疫器官········································()A、肝脏B、扁桃体C、肠系膜淋巴结D、脾脏4.既可来源于髓样干细胞,又可来源于淋巴样干细胞的免疫细胞是()A、单核-巨噬细胞B、中性粒细胞C、NK细胞D、树突状细胞5.淋巴结的胸腺依赖区是····················································()A、皮质区B、髓质区C、浅皮质区D、深皮质区6.脾脏的胸腺依赖区是······················································()A、红髓B、白髓C、脾小结D、PALS7.淋巴结内T细胞约占淋巴细胞的比例为······································()A、75%B、25%C、50%D、10%8.脾脏内T细胞约占淋巴细胞的比例为········································()A、60%B、40%C、50%D、20%二、填空题1.免疫系统由、、组成。2.人类的中枢免疫器官包括和,外周免疫器官包括、、等。3.中枢免疫器官中,B细胞分化、成熟的场所是,T细胞分化、成熟的场所是。4.人造血干细胞的主要表面标志为和。5.在骨髓人分化成熟的淋巴细胞有和。三、名词解释淋巴细胞归巢淋巴细胞再循环四、简答题1.简述免疫系统的组成。2.简述中枢免疫器官的组成和各器官主要功能。3.简述外周免疫器官的组成和各器官主要功能。4.何谓淋巴细胞再循环,其生物学意义是什么?第三章《抗原》练习题一、单项选择题1.下列没有免疫原性的物质是················································()A、异嗜性抗原B、抗体C、补体D、半抗原2.抗原的特异性取决于······················································()A、抗原决定基的性质B、抗原决定基的数量C、抗原分子量的大小D、载体的性质3.TD-Ag得名,是因为它·····················································()A、在胸腺中产生B、相应抗体在胸腺中产生C、对此抗原不产生体液免疫D、相应的抗体产生需要T细胞辅助4.下列不属于TD-Ag的是···················································()A、血清蛋白B、细菌外毒素C、类毒素D、细菌脂多糖5.仅有抗原性而无免疫原性的物质称为········································()A、超抗原B、半抗原C、完全抗原D、异嗜性抗原6.存在于人、动物及微生物等不同种属之间的共同抗原称为·······················()A、异种抗原B、交叉抗原C、超抗原D、异嗜性抗原7.同一种属不同个体之间存在的不同抗原称为··································()A、异种抗原B、同种异型抗原C、独特型抗原D、Forssman抗原8.引起同胞兄弟之间移植排斥反应的抗原属于··································()A、异种抗原B、同种异型抗原C、自身抗原D、Forssman抗原9.动物来源的破伤风抗毒素对破伤风病人而言是································()A、半抗原B、抗体C、抗原D、既是抗体又是抗原10.从化学属性而言,下列免疫原性最强的物质是································()A、蛋白质B、多糖类C、类脂D、核酸11.关于佐剂,下列表述是错误的是············································()A、佐剂是特异性免疫增强剂B、可延长抗原在体内潴留时间C、动物实验中最常用佐剂的是弗氏完全佐剂和弗氏不完全佐剂D、可刺激APC,增强其对抗原的加工和提呈12.下列属于同种异型抗原的是···············································()A、食入的异种蛋白B、改变的自身成分C、异嗜性抗原D、血型抗原13.下列属于超抗原的是·····················································()A、IgGB、白蛋白C、丝裂原D、热休克蛋白14.TD-Ag具有的表位通常是·················································()A、T细胞表位B、既不是T细胞表位,也不是B细胞表位C、B细胞表位D、同时有T细胞表位和B细胞表位15.有的抗原被称为TI抗原,这是因为·········································()A、来源于非胸腺组织B、诱生的抗体主要在骨髓中产生C、往往具有多个不同的抗原决定基D、刺激B细胞产生抗体,不需要T细胞辅助16.属于异嗜性抗原的是·····················································()A、Rh抗原与人的红细胞B、马血清与破伤风梭菌C、AFP与乙型肝炎病毒D、大肠埃希菌O14与人结肠黏膜17.关于超抗原,下列描述错误的是············································()A、直接与APC的MHC类分子非多态性外侧结合B、不要APC加工处理C、与TCRV链结合D、有MHC限制性18.关于TI抗原,下列描述错误的是···········································()A、只有B细胞表位,无T细胞表位B、激活的细胞为B1细胞C、无MHC限制性D、产生的抗体主要是IgG19.只具有与抗体结合能力,而单独不能诱导机体产生相应抗体的物质是···········()A、完合抗原B、TD抗原C、TI抗原D、半抗原20.与载体蛋白偶联后才获得免疫原性的物质是·································()A、超抗原B、半抗原C、TI抗原D、TD抗原21.甲、乙两种抗原都能与某一抗体发生特异性结合反应,这两种抗原相互称为·······()A、半抗原B、共同抗原C、完全抗原D、同种异型抗原二、填空题1.具有而无的物质称为半抗原。2.具有性和性的物质为完全抗原。3.抗原的异物性可存在于之间、之间以及。4.影响抗原免疫原性的因素有_________、_________和三个方面。5.影响免疫原性的抗原理化与结构性质包括______、、、、、和等。6.抗原决定基在结构上分为两类,即决定基和决定基。7.抗原根据诱生抗体时是否需要T细胞参与分为抗原和抗原。8.抗原决定基根据被识别的淋巴细胞受体不同分为决定基和决定基。9.B细胞识别的表位通常是天然的,位于抗原分子表面的或表位;T细胞识别的表位是由APC加工提呈的,即表位。10.自身抗原的形成原因包括、和等。11.常见的人类同种异型抗原有、和等。12.作用于人T淋巴细胞的丝裂原有、和。13.作用于人B细胞的丝裂原有和。三、名词解释抗原完全抗原半抗原/不完全抗原表位/抗原决定基载体效应交叉反应TD-AgTI-Ag异嗜性抗原超抗原佐剂四、简答题1.抗原的两个基本特性及其含义是什么?2.简述影响抗原免疫原性的因素。3.动物免疫血清对于人的两重性表现在哪里?4.何谓佐剂?佐剂的作用机制有哪些?5.简述超抗原激活T细胞的机制。五、问答题1.T细胞表位与B细胞表位有何不同?2.试比较TD-Ag与TI-Ag的特性。3.试述超抗原与