例1:如图所示系统,电抗为归算到统一基准值下的标么值(SB=100MVA,UB=平均额定电压),用正序等效定则计算以下各种情况短路时,短路点的各序电流有名值,(1)A相接地短路;(2)BC相接地短路。10.5KV110KVXG(1)=XG(2)=0.1XG(0)=0.2XL(1)=0.1XL(0)=0.3XT(1)=Xn=0.1K解:正序网络:jXG(1)EG*=1.0j0.1jXT(1)jXL(1)j0.1j0.1Uf1∴0.11E,3.01X(1分)负序网络:jXG(2)j0.1jXT(2)jXL(2)j0.1j0.1Uf2∴3.02X(1分)零序网络:jXG(0)j0.2jXT(0)jXL(0)j0.3j0.1Uf0j3XT(0)3×j0.1∴9.00X(1分)(1)当发生A相接地短路时,三序网串联:jX1Σj0.3j0.9j0.3E1Σ=1.0jX2ΣjX0Σİf1İf0İf267.09.03.03.00.10211*0*2*1XXXEIIIfff(3分)∴31.0115310067.0367.0*1021avBBffffUSIIIIIkA(1分)(2)当发生BC相接地短路时,三序网并联:jX1Σj0.3j0.9j0.3E1Σ=1.0jX2ΣjX0Σİf1İf0İf2例2:已知某系统接线如图所示,各元件电抗均已知,当k点发生AB两相短路时,求短路点各序电流及各相电流,并绘出短路点的电流相量图。~~50MW〞Xd=0.12510.5kV·〞E1=j1X2=0.16cos=0.8510.5/121kV60MVAUk%=10.510.5/121kV31.5MVAUk%=10.5x0=2x1x1=x2=0.4Ω/kml=50km115kVT1T2lG1G2k25MW〞Xd=0.12510.5kV·〞E2=j1X2=0.16cos=0.85解:(1)计算各元件电抗(取100MVABS,BavUU)此时有发电机G1:''122%1000.1250.2510050%1000.160.3210050dBNBNXSXSXSXS发电机G1:''122%1000.1250.510025%1000.160.6410025dBNBNXSXSXSXS变压器T1:120%10.51000.17510010060kBNUSXXXS变压器T2:120%10.51000.33310010031.5kBNUSXXXS线路:1222011000.4500.15115220.150.3BlBSXXxlUXX例3:如图所示系统,电抗为归算到统一基准值下的标幺值(SB=100MVA,UB=平均额定电压),变压器接线形式为Y0/Δ-11,如果短路点发生两相接地短路,计算:(1)发电机G各相的短路电流(标幺值);(2)变压器中性点上的电压(有名值)。10.5KV115KVX1=X2=0.1X0=0.2X1=X2=0.1X0=0.2X1=Xn=0.1KXn解:(1)复合序网为正、负、零序网并联3.j01.j01.j01.j0Z1;j0.31.j01.j01.j0Z2;j0.62.j01.0j31.0Z0j短路点处各序电流为j2.0j0.6j0.3j0.6j0.33.j00.1zzzzzUI02021||0ff1j1.3336.j03.j06.j0j2.0zzzII020f1f2j0.6676.j03.j03.j0j2.0zzzII022f1f0经过变压器后的各序电流600.2eIIj30f1G1;601.333eII-j30f2G2发电机各相短路电流为667.1IIIG2G1A-3.3331801.3331802.0IaIaIG2G12B667.1601.333602.0IaIaIG22G1C(2)变压器中性点上的电压0.21.0667.03x3IUnf00中性点电压有名值)kV(279.133115/2.0U0例3:如图所示电力系统,各元件参数标幺值已标于图中(SB=100MVA,UB=平均额定电压),系统处于空载运行状态,发电机的电势为1.05,如果在母线3处发生A相接地短路,计算计算:(1)输电线路上流过的各序电流有名值?(2)发电机送出的各相短路电流有名值?(3)各变压器中性点电压有名值?1234xd”=0.1xL1=xL2=0.2x2=0.1xT1=0.1xL0=0.6xT2=0.2x0=0.05Y0/Δ–11Y0/Δ–11GT10.5kVLf(1)xn=0.1115kV解:(1)画出复合序网(略)''1210.10.10.20.4dTLZZxxxjjjj167.02.0//)6.03.01.0(//)3(2010jjjjjxxxxZTLnT01201201.051.0860.40.40.167ffffUIIIjZZZjjj''12:1.086ffIIj输电线各序电流'201020.21.0861.0860.18130.10.30.60.2TfTnLTxjIjjjxxxxjjjj(2)发电机的各序电流标幺值30'111.08660jGfIeI;30'221.086120jGfIeIAG1G2III1.086601.0861201.881-90发电机各相电流2BG1G2IaIaI1.0861801.086002CG1G2IaIaI1.0861201.0861801.881150发电机三相电流有名值分别为)kA(343.0110.53100881.1U3S881.1IIBBCA;0IB中性点电压1023/331.1810.1115/323.52;0TnLnBTnUIXUkVU例4:试分析比较几种不对称短路时,(1)故障点负序电流分量的大小(2)零序电流分量的大小。(假定Z∑1=Z∑2)解:(1)单相接地短路时,三序网串联:ZΣ1ÉΣ1ZΣ2ZΣ0İf1İf0İf20110211*0*2*12ZZEZZZEIIIfff(1分)(2)两相接地短路时,三序网并联:ZΣ1ZΣ2ZΣ0İf1İf0İf201211010202110211*12)(//ZZZEZZZZZZZEZZZEIf0121100100121101020*1*222)(ZZZEZZZZZZZEZZZZZIIff(1分)0110110121101022*1*022)(ZZEZZZZZZEZZZZZIIff(1分)(3)两相短路时,正序、负序并联,无零序ZΣ1ZΣ2İf1İf21111211*1212ZEZEZZEIf11*1*221ZEIIff(1分)0*0fI(1分)令kZZ10,则10kZZ单相接地短路)1(f:11111011*0*2*12122ZEkkZZEZZEIIIfff两相接地短路)1,1(f:11212111012110*22122ZEkkkZZEkZZZZEZIf11111011*021122ZEkkZZEZZEIf两相短路)2(f:11*1*221ZEIIff0*0fI(1)负序电流的大小(不考虑相位):当0k时,)2(2)1(2)1,1(20fffIII(1分)当10k时,)2(2)1(2)1,1(2fffIII(1分)当1k时,)2(2)1(2)1,1(2fffIII(1分)当k1时,)2(2)1,1(2)1(2fffIII(1分)当k时,)2(2)1,1(2)1(20fffIII(1分)(2)零序电流的大小(不考虑相位):当0k时,)1,1(0)1(0)2(00fffIII(1分)当10k时,)1,1(0)1(0)2(00fffIII(1分)当1k时,)1,1(0)1(0)2(00fffIII(1分)当k1时,)1(0)1,1(0)2(00fffIII(1分)当k时,0)1(0)1,1(0)2(0fffIII(1分)例8-1图(a)所示输电系统,在f点发生接地短路,试绘出各序网络,并计算电源的组合电势E和各序组合电抗1X、2X和0X。已知系统各元件参数如下:发电机G:50MW,8.0cos,15.0dX,18.02X,08.11E变压器T-1、T-2:60MVA,Vs%=10.5,中性点接地阻抗22nx负荷:XLD1=1.2,XLD2=0.35线路L:50km,kmx/4.01,103xx解(1)各元件参数标幺值计算。选取基准功率BS=100MVA和基准电压avBVV,计算各元件的各序电抗的标幺值,计算结果标于各序网络图中。发电机:24.08.0/5010015.01GX288.08.0/5010018.02GX变压器T-1、T-2:175.0601001005.1021TTXX中性点接地阻抗:607.137100222nx负荷LD:8151002.11LDX333.21510035.02LDX输电线路L:461.1371004.05021LX383.4416.130LX(2)制订各序网络正序和负序网络不包括中性点接地电抗和空载变压器T-2,因此,正序和负序网络中包括发电机G、变压器T-1、负荷LD以及输电线路L,如图(b)和(c)所示。由于零序电流不流经发电机和负荷,因此,零序网络中只包括变压器T-1、T-2和输电线路L,如图(d)所示。(3)网络化简,求组合电势和各序组合电抗。由图(b)可得05.1824.0808.1E869.1461.1175.0)8//24.0(1X由图(b)和图(c)可得892.1461.1175.0)333.2//288.0(2X172.0175.0//)383.4821.4175.0(0X例8-2如图(a)所示电力系统,各元件参数如下:发电机G-1:100MW,cos=0.85,223.0,183.02XXd;G-2:50MW,cos=0.8,141.0dX,172.02X;变压器T-1:120MVA,Vs%=14.2;T-2:63MVA,Vs%=14.5;输电线路L:每回120km,1015,/432.0xxkmx。试计算f点发生各种不对称短路时的短路电流。解(1)制订各序等值电路,计算各序组合电抗。选取基准功率BS=100MVA和基准电压avBVV,计算各元件的各序电抗的标幺值,计算结果标于各序网络图中。189.0)226.0230.0//()049.0118.0156.0(1X209.0)275.0230.0//()049.0118.0190.0(2X141.0230.0//)245.0118.0(0X(2)计算各种不对称短路时的短路电流。单相接地短路3,350.0141.0209.0)1(02)1(mXXX855.1350.0189.01)1(