余明慧_201307005_基于分布式光纤传感的周界警戒系统关键技术及其设计

WuhanInstituteOfTechnology硕士学位论文基于分布式光纤传感的周界警戒系统关键技术及其设计学科专业：光学工程研究生：余明慧指导教师：吴晗平教授培养单位：理学院二○一六年月ThekeytechnologyanditsdesignofperimeteralarmsystembasedondistributedopticalfibersensingsAThesisSubmittedfortheDegreeofMasterMajor：OpticalEngineeringCandidate：YuMinghuiSupervisor：Prof.WuHanpingWuhanInstituteofTechnologyWuhan,Hubei430073,P.R.China摘要I摘要随着社会的发展，科学技术的进步，军事要地、重要的设施等都需要用周界安防产品进行有效的防范，以确保其安全。传统的周界安防报警系统虽然达到了一定的安全防御效果，但是还存在一些技术缺陷。基于分布式光纤传感技术的周界报警系统能对多种入侵事件及时识别响应，且具有长距离监测、高精度定位、误报率低等优点，能有效地克服传统的周界安防系统的缺点。因此，在民用和军事上具备广泛的应用前景，已成为国内外研究的热点。本论文对基于分布式光纤传感的周界警戒系统进行深入研究，主要研究内容如下：首先，阐述分布式光纤周界警戒系统基本原理和组成，提出系统的传感类型、工作波段、定位精度、定位相对误差等技术指标。研究分布式光纤传感技术、模式识别技术、定位算法技术、信号解调技术、系统探测距离技术等主要关键技术。并明确本课题主要研究的两个关键技术：模式识别技术和定位技术。其次，用时域分析法来分析分布式光纤振动传感系统对外界人为的入侵干扰、微风细雨干扰、动物攀爬干扰、周期性较弱的机械干扰这四种典型类型的作用信号的响应特征，并用Labview软件进行仿真验证。然后，探讨几种基于干涉原理的分布式传感器的定位方法。着重研究互相关法求时间差的测量原理和计算方法，并在此基础上提出互相关法分析时延估计的改进算法，使得相关峰值位置更加突出，从而使时间差t的测量更精确。最后，根据系统总体设计技术指标要求，选用ASE光源模块、G652D传感光纤、LSM-PIN光电探测器、2×2光纤耦合器、PCI8521数据采集卡完成系统的总体设计。当入侵在不同位置时，用Labview软件对系统进行仿真分析，设计结果满足系统技术指标要求。该研究及其设计对光纤周界警戒系统的工程应用有其理论方法和实践指导作用。关键词：分布式光纤传感器；周界警戒；模式识别；定位技术；系统总体设计武汉工程大学硕士学位论文IIAbstractIIIAbstractWiththedevelopmentofthesocietyandtheprogressofscience,alargenumberofsocialwealth,heavilymilitaryandtheimportantfacilitiesareneedsecurityproductsforeffectivepreventiontoensuretheirsafety.Although,traditionalsecurityalarmsystemhasachieveacertainsecuritydefenseeffect,buttherearesometechnicaldefects.Opticalfiberperimeteralarmsystembasedondistributedopticalfibersensingcanrecognisetimely,andhasthefunctionoflong-distancemonitoring,precisepositioning,andlowrateoffalsepositivesect.Whitchcanovercometheshortcomingoftraditionalperimetersecuritysystem.Therefore,ithasextensiveapplicationprospectinthecivilandmilitary,andbecomeahotspotofresearchathomeandabroad.Inthispaper,basedonthestudyofdistributedopticalfibersensingintrusiontechnology,themainresearchcontentsareasfollows:First,thispaperexpoundsthebasicprincipleandcompositionofdistributedopticalfiberperimeteralarmsystem,putsforwardthesystemofsensortype,workingband,positioningaccuracyandpositioningrelativeerrorandothertechnicalindicators.Studiedtkeytechnologiesofsystem,suchas:thedistributedopticalfibersensingtechnology,localizationalgorithm,patternrecognitiontechnology,signaldemodulationtechnology,systemdetectionrange.Andclearmainlytwokeytechniquesofthistopicresearch:patternrecognitiontechnologyandpositioningalgorithm.Secondly,distributedopticalfibersensingsystemsareanalyzedwiththemethodoftimedomain.Analyzedtheinvasionofexternalartificialinterference,breezeanddrizzleinterference,smallanimalsclimbinterference,cyclicalweakermechanicalinterferenceoftypicalresponsecharacteristicsofthesefourtypes,andusingLabviewsoftwaresimulationtoverifying.Then,thepaperdiscussesseveraldistributedsensorpositioningmethodsbasedontheinterferenceprinciple.Thispaperstudiesthemeasuringprincipleofcross-correlationmethodtomeasuringtimedelay.Advancedthetimedelayestimationalgorithmtomakesignalpeakevenmoreprominent,sothattimelagwillmoreaccurate.武汉工程大学硕士学位论文IVFinally,accordingtothedesignindexchoosingASElightsourcemodule,theG652Dsensingopticalfiber,theLSM-PINphotodetector,the2x2fibercoupler,PCI8521dataacquisitioncardtocompletethedesignofthesystem.UsingLabviewsoftwaretosimulatthesystemundertheconditionofinvasionsindifferentposition,theresultsmeettherequirementsofsystemdesign.Theresearchandthedesignofopticalfiberalertsystemhasitstheoreticalinnovationandguidancetoengineeringpractice.Keywords:Distributedopticalfibersensor;Perimeteralarm;Patternrecognise;Positiontechnology;Thesystemoveralldesign目录V目录摘要.......................................................IAbstract...................................................III目录........................................................V第1章绪论.................................................11.1研究背景及意义.......................................11.2周界警戒系统国内外研究现状...........................21.2.1传统周界警界系统及性能对比.....................21.2.2光纤周界警戒系统国内外研究现状.................41.2.3光纤周界警戒系统发展趋势.......................61.3论文主要内容安排.....................................8第2章系统原理、组成及关键技术..............................92.1系统基本原理.........................................92.2系统组成及特点......................................112.2.1系统组成......................................112.2.2主要模块功能..................................112.2.3系统特点......................................122.3系统主要关键技术....................................122.3.1分布式光纤传感技术............................132.3.2模式识别技术..................................172.3.3定位技术......................................192.3.4信号解调技术..................................192.3.5系统探测距离技术..............................202.4本章小结............................................21第3章数据采集与模式识别技术研究...........................233.1LabVIEW介绍........................................233.2数据的采集..........................................233.2.1数据采集卡原理................................233.2.2数据采集模块程序..............................243.3典型干扰信号的响应特征..............................263.4信号模式识别程序设计.