II目录1单模光纤.................................................................................................12单模光纤模场分布近似.........................................................................13MATLAB语言...........................................................................................63.1主程序................................................................................................63.2调用函数.............................................................................................93.3程序运行说明....................................................................................114总结......................................................................................................1611单模光纤在工作波长中,只能传输一个传播模式的光纤,通常简称为单模光纤(SMF:SingleModeFiber)。由于光纤的纤芯很细(约10pm)而且折射率呈阶跃状分布,当归一化频率V参数<2.4时,理论上只能形成单模传输。2单模光纤模场分布光纤中的电磁波可以看成时谐场,满足亥姆霍兹方程,与电磁波理论中的做法一样,先求解z方向分量,然后再由麦克斯韦方程组求得其他分量。采用柱坐标,z方向的分量满足亥姆霍兹方程:如果求得z方向的分量,其他各横向分量可以用z分量表示出来。阶跃光纤中的电磁场解及导波模的截止参数式中,A、B待定常数,Jm:m阶第一类贝塞尔函数,Km:m阶第二类变形贝塞尔函数。U=kcaW=acau表示导波模场在纤芯内部的横向分布规律,w表示它在包层中的横向分布规律,两者2结合起来,就可以完整地描述导波模的横向分布规律;β是轴向的相位传播常数,表明导波模的纵向传输特性。与电磁学公式比较几个低阶第一类贝塞尔函数曲线几个低阶第二类变形贝塞尔函数曲线用纵向分量表示的其他分量利用边界条件得到特征方程:3对于实际使用的光钎可以引入弱导条件而得到的简化方程。简化的特征方程,上面这些公式与电磁场与电磁波中公式完全相同,求解很困难,一般用数值法,如果只求各种模式的截止条件,只需令W2=0,求解满足边界条件的U,则相对简单一些.2''''22221222()()()()11.()()()()vvvvvvvJuKwJuKwkkuwuJuwKwuJuwKw本征方程是反映导波模涉及到的参数u、w和β之间相互关系的方程,对于弱导光纤(n1≈n2)则可得到本征方程''22()()11()()vvvvJuKwvuJuwKwuw当W2=0,对应包层中导波模和辐射模的转折点或临界点,可以在此条件下求解纤芯内的归一化相位常数U。导波模一共可以分成4种模式即,TE0n、TM0n、EHmn、Hemn。在电磁波课程中我们已经得到了这些模的截止波长,下面直接写出结果。4上面这些式子中,uxy表示x阶贝塞尔函数的第y个零点,下面表5.1是几个低阶贝塞尔函数的零点位置。HE11模对应0阶贝塞尔函数的第零个零点Jm(U)的第n个根umnnm012312.404833.831715.135626.3801625.520087.015598.417249.7610238.6537310.1734711.6198413.01520411.7915312.3236914.7959616.22347514.93049216.6317.9598214.40942定义另一个重要的特征参量,V,称为光纤的归一化频率,是一个无量纲的参数。当W2=0时,相应的U记为Uc,V记为Vc,Vc称之为归一化截止频率。显然,此时5Uc=Vc且:212221)(2nnaVcc这样,光纤中任意一个模式的传播条件是:212221)(2nnaVVcc光纤中单模传播的条件是:405.20V63MATLAB语言3.1主程序1、运行框位置大小抬头默认文本框绘图相框位置背景颜色运行框位置大小gcc=figure('Position',[10,50,1100,660]);设置程序抬头set(gcc,'Menubar','none','Name','单模光钎的三维模场分布','NumberTitle','off');uicontrol(gcc,'Style','text','Units','normalized','Position',[0.01,0.35,0.05,0.6],'String','单模光钎的三维模场分布','Fontsize',24,'Horizontal','center','Back',[0.50.80.9]);设置交互区域框uicontrol(gcc,'Style','Frame','Units','normalized','Position',[0.15,0.015,0.8,0.24],'Back',[1,1,1]);设置绘图框b=axes('Position',[0.15,0.3,0.8,0.68]);设置程序背景颜色set(gcc,'color',[0.50.80.9]);2、视图缩放功能通过改变坐标轴的值改变视图大小uicontrol(gcc,'Style','text','Units','normalized','Fontsize',15,'Position',[0.04,0.21,0.075,0.04],...'String','同比例缩放','Fontsize',12,'Horizontal','left','Back',[110.4]);COM=['j=get(hdxyz,''Value'');','f=5*j;','g=1*j;','set(b,''xlim'',[-f,f],''ylim'',[-f,f],''zlim'',[0,g]);'];hdxyz=uicontrol(gcc,'Style','slider','Units','normalized','Position',[0.015,0.18,0.12,0.04],...'Min',0,'Max',2,'Value',1,'Call',COM);uicontrol(gcc,'Style','text','Units','normalized','Fontsize',15,'Position',[0.043,0.13,0.07,0.04],...'String','z方向缩放','Fontsize',12,'Horizontal','left','Back',[110.4]);COM0=['l=get(hdz,''Value'');','set(b,''zlim'',[0,l]);'];hdz=uicontrol(gcc,'Style','slider','Units','normalized','Position',[0.015,0.1,0.12,0.04],...'Min',0,'Max',2,'Value',1,'Call',COM0);uicontrol(gcc,'Style','text','Units','normalized','Fontsize',15,'Position',[0.04,0.05,0.075,0.04],...'String','xy方向缩放','Fontsize',12,'Horizontal','left','Back',[110.4]);COM1=['k=get(hdxy,''Value'');','set(b,''xlim'',[-k,k],''ylim'',[-k,k]);'];hdxy=uicontrol(gcc,'Style','slider','Units','normalized','Position',[0.015,0.02,0.12,0.04],...'Min',2,'Max',10,'Value',5,'Call',COM1);73、加设菜单更改图像背景颜色截图运行程序建立程序使用说明hsz=uimenu(gcc,'Label','设置');hview=uimenu(hsz,'Label','转换视角','Separator','on');uimenu(hview,'Label','侧视图','Accelerator','z','Call','view(90,0)');uimenu(hview,'Label','俯视图','Accelerator','x','Call','view(0,90)');uimenu(hview,'Label','原视图','Accelerator','c','Call','view(-37.5,30)');建立旋转动画COM=['forel=-10:1:150','view(-37.5,el);','gridoff;','drawnow;','gridon;','end'];hxz=uimenu(hview,'Label','旋转动画','Accelerator','v','Call',COM);建立更改绘图图像的背景颜色菜单htbjs=uimenu(hsz,'Label','图像背景颜色','Separator','on');uimenu(htbjs,'Label','草绿色','Call','set(gca,''Color'',[0.70.90.4])');uimenu(hzbc,'Label','天青色','Call','set(gca,''Color'',[0.50.80.9])');uimenu(hzbc,'Label','橙红色','Call','set(gca,''Color'',[0.90.40.3])');uimenu(hzbc,'Label','取消颜色','Call','set(gca,''Color'',[111])');建立截图菜单COM1=['saveas(gcc,''Mypictures'',''jpg'');'];hSPC=uimenu(gcc,'Label','文件');uimenu(hSPC,'Label','运行程序截图','Call',COM1);uimenu(hSPC,'Label','打开程序路径','Call','winopen(pwd);');uimenu(hSPC,'Label','打开程序截图','Call',['b=strcat(pwd,''\Mypic.jpg'');','winopen(b)']);建立程序使用说明菜单COM2=['a=strcat(pwd,''\单模光纤的三维模场分布.doc'');','winopen(a);'];hhelp=uimenu(gcc,'Label','帮助');uimenu(hhelp,'Label','程序使用说明','Call',COM2);4、滑动条滑动条主程序hsli1=uicontrol(gcc,'Style','slider','Units','normalized','Position',[0.2,0.14,0.4,0.04],'Min',0.1,'Max',2.1845,'Value',1.6453,'CallBack',['set(azmcur,'