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国际商务英语全真模拟演练（一）1、percapitaincome人均收入2、compoundduties混合税3、countertrade对销贸易反向贸易4、goldstandard金本位制5、correspondentbank往来行关系行6、taxholiday免税期7、forcemajeure不可抗力8、economicintegration经济一体化9、capitalmarket资本市场10、securities有价证券11、关税区costomsarea12、东道国hostcountries13、借方debit14、折扣discout15、追溯到betracedbackto16、贸易惯例tradingpractices17、光票信用证cleancredit18、免责条款escapeclauses19、初级产品primarycommodities20、货物原产地港口portoforigin21、Budget:anaccountofprobablefutureincomeandexpenditureduringastatedperiodasaguideinmakingfinancialarrangement22、Amendment:changemadetosomething23、Infrastructure:large-scalepublicservices,suchaswaterandpowersupplies,road,etc.neededtosupporteconomicactivities,esp.tradeandcommerce.24、Abundant:plentiful,morethanenough.25、Discrepancy:difference;absenceofagreement.26、Remittance:moneysentbypost27、Aftersight:afterpresentationofdraft28、Expertise:expertskillorknowledge29、Clout:influence30、Contractproper:themainbodyofacontract.31、Worldcompany:aworldcompanyisamultinationalcompanywhosenationalidentityhasbeenblurred.32、Incoterms;incotermsareasetofinternationalrulesfortheinterpretationoftradeterms.33、Contract:acontractisanagreementwhichsetsofrthbindingobligationsoftherelevantparties.34、Billofexchange:thebillofexchangeisanunconditionalordertoabankoracustomertopayasumofmoneytosomeoneondemandoratafixedtimeinthefuture.35、FDI:foreigndirectinvestments.Internationalinvestmentcanbeclassifiedintotwocategories:portfolioinvestmentandforeigndirectinvestment.portfolioinvestmentisakindofinvestmentinwhichtheinvestordoesnotexerciseanymanagerialcontrol.Theinvestoreitherholdsforeignbondsorothernon-equitysecuritieswhichdonotconferownershiprightsortheinvestorholdsstockshares(orotherequities)inaforeigncompanyinanamounttoosmalltoexerciseanymanagerialcontrol.Incontrastforeigndirectinvestmentisalong-termequityinvestmentinaforeigncompanythatgivestheinvestormanagerialcontroloverthatcompany,foreignderectinvestmentsaremainlycarriedoutbymultinationalcorporations.surveysandcasesstudiesindicatethattheircommonmotivesformakingforeigndirectinvestmentsarebasedonstrategicconsiderationsinvolvingmarketpenetration,technologicalknow-how,reducingcostsofdistributionandtransportation,labor,rawmaterialsandpoliticalfactors.46、whatdoesinternationalbusinessreferto?Internationalbusinessreferstotransactionbetweenpartiesfromdifferentcountries.47、describebrieflythecharacteristicsofMNEs.Firstly,theyareenormousinsize.Secondly,theyhavewidegeographicalspread.Thirdly,anothercharacteristicofMNEsistheirlongevityandrapidgrowth.48、whatarethefactorsthatdecidethetypesofdocumentsrequiredforaparticulartransaction?Differentdocumentsarerequiredfordifferenttransactions;thusthefollowingfactorsmustbetakeintoconsideration:thenatureofthedeal,thetermofdelivery,thetypeofcommodity,stipulationsofcredit,regulationsandpracticesindifferentcountries.49、whatistheSpecialDrawingRight?Howwasitcreated?ThespecialdrawingrightissometimescalledpapergoldandusedtosettleofficialtransactionsattheIMF.Withtheincreaseofforeigndollarholdingstofinancetradeexpansion,thefaithofdollarholdersdecreasedintheabilityoftheUnitedStatestoredeemthedollarforgold.Toreducethedemandforthedollarasareservecurrency,theSpecialDrawingRightwascreated.50、thetermTriadreferstothethreerichestregionsoftheworld,theUnitedStates,theEuropeanUnionandJapanthatofferthemostimportantbusinessopportunities,anyinternationalenterprisemustbearTriadinmindiftheywanttoesuccessfulintheincreasinglycompetitiveworldmarket.术语TRIAD是指世界上最富有的三大市场：美国、欧盟和日本。这些市场提供着最重要的商业机会。任何跨国企业要想在竞争日益激烈的世界市场上成功，都应当密切关注这三大市场。51、inchoosingatransportationmodeforaparticularproduct,shippersconsiderasmanyassixcriteria:speed,frequency,dependability,capability,availabilityandcost.Thusifashipperseeksspeed,airandtruckaretheprimecontenders.Ifthegoalislowcost,thenwaterandpipelinearetheprimecontenders.Shippersareincreasinglycombiningtwoormoretransportationmodesthankstocontainerization.Containerizationconsistsofputtingthegoodsinboxesortrailersthatareeasytotransferbetweentwotransportationmodes.Eachcoordinatedmodeoftransportationoffersspecificadvantagestotheshipper.为了给某种产品选定一种运输方式，货主要考虑六个问题：速度、频率、可靠性、能力、便利性和成本。这样，若货主要求速度，空运和汽车运输是首要选择。如果目标是低成本，那么水运和管道运输最好。由于集装箱化的发展，货主越来越多地将两种或更多的运输方式结合在一起，集装箱化是指将货物装入便于在两种运输方式间互换的箱子里或拖车上。每种联运都为货主提供了某些便利。52、经济联盟的成员不仅要在税收、政府开支、产业政策等方面保持一致，而且还要使用统一的货币。Themembersofaneconomicunionarerequirednotonlytoharmonizetheirtaxation,governmentexpenditure,industrypolicies,etc.,butalsousethesamecurrency.53、包装需按运输的要求进行，在大多数的情况下，卖方明确地知道把货物安全地运到目的地所需要的特定包装类型。Packingshouldbemadeaccordingtotherequirementoftransportation.Inmostcases,thesellerknowsclearlytheparticulartypeofpackingrequiredfortransportingthegoodssafelytodestination.54、在国际贸易中已经出现了为解决不同情况下付款问题的各种各样的付款方式。Variousmethodsofpaymenthavebeendevelopedtocopewithdifferentsituationsininternationaltrade.55、保险是一种风险转移机制。通过保险个人或企业可以将生活中一些不确定因素转移给其他人。Insuranceisarisktransfermechanism,bywhichtheindividualorthebusinessenterprisecanshiftsomeoftheuncertaintyoflifetotheshouldersofothers.56、事实上，较不发达国家的目标在于建立一种他们所说的“国际经济新秩序”。Infact,thetargetatwhichtheless-de