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1第4讲润色添彩的定语从句定语从句的正确使用体现学生对于语言具有较高的掌握能力，在写作中使用一到两个定语从句可以提升文章的档次。一、写作中定语从句的常见类型1.关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词who，whom，whose，that，which，as引导的定语从句是写作的一大重点，尤其是which和as引导的非限制性定语从句在高考范文中更是常见。(1)Ihavealreadybeenavolunteerforthe13thNationalGameswhichwillbeheldattheendofAugustinTianjin.我已经是八月底将在天津举行的第十三届全运会的志愿者了。(2017·天津)(2)ThereisnodoubtthatyouaresupposedtoknowaboutthehistoryoftheTangDynastyinadvance，whichwillmaketheclassgosmoothly.毫无疑问你应该提前了解唐朝的历史，这会使得课程进展顺利。(2017·全国Ⅰ)(3)Anystudentwhoisinterestediswelcometoparticipate.欢迎任何感兴趣的同学参加。(2016·全国Ⅱ)2.关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词引导的定语从句是指when，where，why引导的定语从句。(1)Ithinkthereasonwhyyouarealwaysangrymaybethehighpressureofstudy.我认为你总是发脾气的原因可能是学习上的巨大压力。(2)Tohelpthembetterunderstandourtea-drinkingculture，wetookthemtothetearoominourschool，whereIintroducedthehistoryoftea-makinganddifferentkindsoftea.为了更好地让他们了解我们的饮茶文化，我们带领他们去了学校的茶室，在那里我向他们介绍了制茶的历史及茶的种类。(2018·北京)3.“介词＋which/whom”引导的定语从句(1)It’ssaidthatalargenumberofpaper-cutworksbyexpertsthroughoutChinawillbeonshow，someofwhicharemadebyfamousartists.据说出自全国各地的专家之手的大量剪纸作品会被展出，其中一些是著名艺术家的作品。(2017·全国Ⅱ)(2)Materialcollectingtookusawholeweek，duringwhichweinterviewedourteachersandtookpicturesofeveryaspectofschoollife.2收集材料花费了我们一周的时间，在那期间我们采访了老师，对学校生活的每个方面拍了照片。(2017·北京)即时训练11.我们的英语老师是一位中年女士，她的儿子在美国读书。OurEnglishteacherisamiddle-agedwomanwhosesonisstudyingintheUSA.2.上周我和父母去参观了父亲以前工作过的农场。LastweekmyparentsandIpaidavisittothefarmwheremyfatheronceworked.3.再过一个月就是7月底了，届时世界青少年机器人技能大赛(theWorldAdolescentRoboticsCompetition)计划在我的城市，天津举办。(2018·天津)TherewillbeamonthbeforetheendofJuly，whentheWorldAdolescentRoboticsCompetitionisscheduledtobeheldinmycity，Tianjin.二、定语从句的常见句型1.Asweallknow.../Asisknowntousall...众所周知……Asweallknow，ourearthhasbeenpollutedheavilysofar.众所周知，目前我们的地球已经被严重污染了。2.Astheoldsayinggoes...常言道……Astheoldsayinggoes，“WheninRome，doastheRomansdo.”常言道，“入乡随俗。”3.such...as...像……这样的；诸如此类的……Heissuchakindteacheraswealllike.他是那么和蔼的老师，所以我们都喜欢他。4.thesame...as.../thesameas...像……一样的Hermannertowardshimwasquitethesameasithadalwaysbeen.她对他的方式与以前完全一样。5.oneofthe＋复数名词＋定语从句……中的一个Hersisterisoneofthestudentswhoareadmittedintothefamousuniversity.她妹妹是考入这所著名大学的学生之一。6.theonlyoneofthe＋复数名词＋定语从句……中唯一的一个Sheistheonlyoneofthestaffwhoisqualifiedforthejob.她是唯一一个能胜任这项工作的员工。即时训练21.众所周知，在我们学校作弊是要受到惩罚的。3Asweallknow/Asisknowntousall，ifwecheatinourschool，wewillbepunished.2.她是那么幽默的一个女孩，我们都喜欢和她在一起。Sheissuchahumorousgirlaswealllikestayingwith.3.李萍是我们班刻苦学习的学生之一。LiPingisoneofthestudentswhoareworkinghardinourclass.三、定语从句的写法定语从句在写作时可采用“三步法”。第一步：写出两个简单句。(1)Thescientistwillpayavisittoourschoolnextweek.(2)Thescientistisveryintelligentandmodest.第二步：在一个简单句中找出一个要被修饰的词汇，这个词汇在两个简单句中都要有。根据句意在第一个句子中找出要被修饰的词汇：thescientist。第三步：用第二个简单句充当定语从句，要注意关系词的选择。把第一个句子改为含有定语从句的复合句，thescientist作为先行词，指人，在从句中作主语，所以关系词可以是that或who。Thescientistwho/thatisveryintelligentandmodestwillpayavisittoourschoolnextweek.即时训练3用定语从句连接下列每组简单句1.Iamherevisitingmyuncle.Hehappenstobeworkinginyourcity.→Iamherevisitingmyuncle，whohappenstobeworkinginyourcity.2.Ioftenhelpmydeskmate.Ithasbeenappreciatedbyourteachers.→Ioftenhelpmydeskmate，whichhasbeenappreciatedbyourteachers.3.I’vealwayslookedforwardtotheday.Iwillbeabletobeindependentthen.→I’vealwayslookedforwardtothedaywhen/onwhichIwillbeabletobeindependent.四、在写作中使用定语从句时的常见错误1.关系词误用误Iwonthefirstprize，thatmademyparentsveryhappy.正Iwonthefirstprize，whichmademyparentsveryhappy.4误Shewasborninavillage，wherewaslocatedatthefootofahill.正Shewasborninavillage，whichwaslocatedatthefootofahill.误Ihaveagoodfriend，who’shandwritingisnice.正Ihaveagoodfriend，whosehandwritingisnice.2.句子成分残缺误Look！Therearealotofoldwomenaredancingthere.正Look！Therearealotofoldwomenwhoaredancingthere.误Thosewhoinfavorofmysuggestion，pleaseraiseyourhands.正Thosewhoareinfavorofmysuggestion，pleaseraiseyourhands.3.有多余的代词或副词误ThepicturehedrewitlastSundaywasreallybeautiful.正ThepicturehedrewlastSundaywasreallybeautiful.误IreturnedtothevillagewhereIgrewupthereinmychildhoodlastsummer.正IreturnedtothevillagewhereIgrewupinmychildhoodlastsummer.4.混淆定语从句与并列句误Smokingisabadhabit，itdoesgreatharmtopeople’shealth.正Smokingisabadhabit，anditdoesgreatharmtopeople’shealth.正Smokingisabadhabit，whichdoesgreatharmtopeople’shealth.误Theboyhasmanyfriends，andsomeofwhomareforeigners.正Theboyhasmanyfriends，andsomeofthemareforeigners.正Theboyhasmanyfriends，someofwhomareforeigners.综合演练Ⅰ.用定语从句完成句子1.上周，我们带着本校的外国学生去体验了正宗的茶文化，结果证明这是很有意义的。(2018·北京)Lastweek，wetooktheforeignstudentsinourschooltoexperiencetheChineseteaculture，whichturnedouttobeextremelyrewarding.2.这部电影主要与学校的发展有关，这将有助于我们学生更好地了解学校的历史。(2018·全国Ⅱ)Thefilmismainlyrelatedtothedevelopmentofourschool，whichwillgreatlyhelpusstudents5knowtheschool’shistorybetter.3.我们学校最近刚建成了一座体育馆，它就在图书馆的后面。(2018·全国Ⅲ)Ourschoolhasbuiltanewstadiumrecently，whichislocatedbehindthelibrary.4.我买了很多书，这些书花了我所有的积蓄。Iboughtagreatmanybooks，onwhichIspentallmymoneythatIsaved.5.我们班由40位同学组成，所有人都待人友好，学习刻苦。Ourclassismadeupof40students，allofwhomarefriendlyandhard-working.6.那座建于100年前的石桥将被拆除。Thestonebridgewhich/thatw