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内蒙古科技大学本科生毕业设计说明书（毕业论文）题目：基于AT89C51单片机的步进电机控制系统学生姓名：学号：专业：自动化班级：自动化06-3班指导教师：内蒙古科技大学毕业设计说明书（毕业论文）I基于AT89C51单片机的步进电机控制系统摘要步进电机是数字控制系统中的一种执行元件，它能按照控制脉冲的要求，迅速起动，制动，正反转和调速。具有步距角精度高，停止时能自锁等特点，因此步进电机在自动控制系统中，特别是在开环的控制系统中得到了日益广泛的应用。本文以单片机和环形脉冲分配器为核心设计的步进电机控制系统，通过软硬件的设计调试，实现步进电机能根据设定的参数进行自动加减速控制，使控制系统以最短的时间到达控制终点，而又不发生失步的现象；同时它能准确地控制步进电机的正反转，启动和停止。硬件是以AT89C51单片机为核心的控制电路，主要包括：环形脉冲分配器、键盘显示电路、步进电机的驱动电路等。软件部分采用C语言编程，主要包括键盘显示程序、步进电机的调速程序、停止判断程序等。关键词：步进电机控制系统；调速；单片机内蒙古科技大学毕业设计说明书（毕业论文）IIBasedonAT89C51Single-chipComputerSteppingMotorControlSystemAbstractSteppingmotorisakindofdigitalcontrolsystemcomponents.Itcanachievequickstart-up,positiveinversion,stoppingandspeedcontrol,accordingtothecontrolpulse.Ithashighprecisionstepangle,andcanbeself-lockingwhenitkeepsstill.Asthesecharacteristics,steppingmotorinautomaticcontrolsystem,especiallyintheopenloopcontrolsystemhasbeenwidelyapplied.ThisarticlemainlyfocusesontakingSingle-chipComputerandcyclepulsedistributorasthecore,anddesigningthesteppingmotorcontrolsystem.Throughthedesignofthesoftwareandhardwaredebugging,itrealizescontrollingthestepmotor’saccelerationanddecelerationautomatically,accordingtoparametersetting.Makingthesystemarrivetheendpointwiththeshortesttime,butnotoccuroutingofstep.Besidesitcanaccuratelyachievestart-up,positiveinversionandshutdown.HardwaretakesAT89C51asthecoreofcontrolcircuit,mainlyincluding:cyclepulsedistributor,keyboardanddisplaycircuit,steppingmotordrivingcircuit,etc.SoftwarepartadoptstheClanguageprogramming,mainlyincludingkeyboardanddisplayprogram,steppingmotorspeedcontrolprogram,stopjudgingprogram,etc.Keywords:Steppingmotorcontrolsystem;speedcontrol;Single-chipComputer内蒙古科技大学毕业设计说明书（毕业论文）III目录摘要.............................................................................................................................................IAbstract.....................................................................................................................................II第一章引言..............................................................................................................................11.1课题提出的背景和研究意义......................................................................................11.2课题的主要研究内容..................................................................................................21.3本章小结......................................................................................................................2第二章步进电机控制系统设计..............................................................................................32.1步进电机的原理..........................................................................................................32.1.1三相单三拍通电方式........................................................................................32.1.2三相双三拍通电方式........................................................................................52.1.3三相六拍通电方式............................................................................................62.2环形脉冲分配器..........................................................................................................82.3续流电路....................................................................................................................122.3.1二极管续流......................................................................................................132.3.2二极管—电阻续流..........................................................................................142.4步进电机驱动电路....................................................................................................152.5步进电机的变速控制................................................................................................172.5.1变速控制的方法..............................................................................................192.6步进电机在自动生产线中的应用............................................................................202.7本章小结....................................................................................................................22第三章控制系统硬件设计....................................................................................................233.1硬件系统设计原则....................................................................................................233.2控制系统组成............................................................................................................233.3主要元件的选择........................................................................................................243.3.1单片机的选择..................................................................................................243.3.2EPROM的选择................................................................................................253.3.3可逆计数器的选择..........................................................................................273.4控制系统接口电路的设计........................................................................................27内蒙古科技大学毕业设计说明书（毕业论文）IV3.4.1环形脉冲分配器设计......................................................................................273.4