华立电气测试技术课后答案第二章题2-2解:(1)ΔA=77.8-80=-2.2(mA)c=-ΔA=2.2(mA)%.%.-%AΔAγA7521008022100(2)%.%xxmmm221000故可定为s=2.5级。题2-3解:采用式(2-9)计算。(1)用表①测量时,最大示值相对误差为:%.%.xx%smxm052020050(2)用表②测量时,最大示值相对误差为:%.%.xx%smxm753203052前者的示值相对误差大于后者,故应选择后者。题2-4解:五位数字电压表2个字相当于0.0002V。1410.01%0.00020.01%40.0002610VxUU()4111610100%100%0.015%4UrU2420.01%0.00020.01%0.10.00022.110VxUU()4212.110100%100%0.21%0.1xUrU题2-5解:已知0.1%NNsN,s=0.1级9VNU,10VxU,1VxNUUU根据式(2-34)%.UU%UUNNNx40100即10.1%0.4%9r0.4%0.1%0.5%9r4.5%rm1%%4.5%1xrssx可选择m=1VU,s=2.5级电压表。题2-6解:(1)1211501.07HZ12iixx(2)求剩余误差iivxx,则1234567891011120.220.250.280.10.030.9610.130.430.530.370.270.51vvvvvvvvvvvv;;;;;;;;;;;;求1210.020iiv,说明计算x是正确的。(3)求标准差估计值ˆ,根据贝塞尔公式1221ˆ0.44121iiv(4)求系统不确定度,P=99%,n=12,查表2-3,及at=3.17,ˆ3.170.441.39atimv,故无坏值。(5)判断是否含有变值系差①马列科夫判据612170.14iiiivv(-0.25)=0.350.961imv,故数据中无线性系差。②阿卑-赫梅特判据21ˆ1iivvn21111ˆnvvinii即0.6450.642可以认为无周期性系差。(6)求算术平均值标准差ˆxˆ0.44ˆ0.1212xn(7)P=99%,n=12,3.17at则3.170.120.38x(8)写出表达式f=501.070.38HZ0.070.38故0.07是不可靠数字,可写成f=5010.38HZ题2-7解:依题意,该表的基本误差为mm55m0.03%0.002%0.003%0.50.002%13.510V3.510100%100%0.007%0.49946xxUUUUrUx题2-8解:mnpxABC上式取对数得:lnlnlnlnxmAnBpC然后微分得:dxdAdBdCmnpxABCxABCrmrnrpr由于ABCrrr、、为系统不确定度,从最大误差出发得122.031.02.528.25%xABCrmrnrpr()(%%%)题2-9解:伏安法测得的电阻为:39.8200Ω4910xxxURI由图2-14可见,电流档内阻压降为V940055049..UAxR两端的实际电压为V9494890...UUUAxx因此xR的实际值为:10010499400k..IURxxx测量误差为%%%RRRγxxxR10010010010020010000该方法由于电流档的内阻压降大(电流档内阻大),误差比较大。为了减小误差,应将电压表由B接至C点。题2-10解:依图2-10用伏安法测得的电阻为64.50.5MΩ9010xxxURI已知万用表的灵敏度20KΩ/VRk,则其内阻为0Km20501MΩRkU由于0xR//0R即00000010.5MΩ1xxxxRRRRRR01MΩxR测量误差为000.51100%100%50%1xxxxRRrR由于0xR较大,所用电压档内阻0R有限,引起误差较大。为了减小误差,应将电压表由C点改接至B点。题2-11解:(1)串联总电阻125.15.110.2KΩRRR根据式(2-48)可得串联电阻相对误差为121212125.15.15.0%1.0%10.210.22.5%0.5%3.0%xRRRRrrrRRRR()()=()=(2)两电阻并联总电阻12125.12.55KΩ10.2RRRRR根据式(2-50)得122112125.15.11.0%5.0%10.210.20.5%2.5%3.0%xRRRRrrrRRRR()()=()=(3)若两电阻的误差122.5%RRrr,得①串联总电阻为R=10.2KΩ%.%.%.%.RRR%.RRRR522512515252212211②并联总电阻R=1/2×5.1=2.55KΩ%.%.%.%.RRR%.RRRR522512515252211212题2-12解:参考P38例2-2112350034006900WPPP12%1.0%3801038WmmsUI12WPmmm()=(38+38)=76pmpm76100%100%1.10%P6900r题2-13解:依题意2UWtR为幂函数,则根据式(2-45)得221.51.00.14.1WURtrrrr()(%%%)%题2-14解:该电子仪表说明书指出了六项误差,分别为:①基本误差m14%1.5%2.0%3xrsx②温度附加误差20.1%30201.0%r()③电压附加误差30.06%220101.32%r%④频率附加误差41.0r%⑤湿度附加误差50.2r%⑥换集成块附加误差60.2r%由于误差项较多,用方和根合成法比较合理,总的误差为:222222123456rrrrrrr222222(0.02)(0.01)(0.0132)(0.01)(0.002)(0.002)2.8%题2-15解:m122.0%45452.0%1.8VUUU()()m121.80.9Vn2UUU1m%%500.9VUsUs0.9%100%1.8%50s选择s=1.5故选mU=50V,s=1.5电压表。