初中定语从句讲解

初中定语从句讲解2016-09-25一、定义：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的引导词分为：关系代词who,whom,whose,which,that等，和关系副词where,when,why等，关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成份，不可省略。1.由who引导的定语从句中，who用作主语，如：Thisistheboywhooftenhelpsme.2.由whom引导的定语从句中，whom用作宾语，如：Themanwhomyouarewaitingforhasgonehome.3.由whose引导的定语从句中，whose用作定语，如：Doyouknowthegirlwhoseskirtiswhite?4.由which引导的定语从句中，which用作主语或谓语动词的宾语或介词的宾语。如：Theroominwhichthereisamachineisaworkshop（车间）.Theriverwhichisinfrontofmyhouseisveryclean.Thisisthepenwhichyouwant.注意：(1)whom,which用作介词宾语时，介词可放在whom、which之前，也可放在从句原来的位置上；但在含有介词的动词固定词组中，介词只能放在原来的位置上。如：Heistheverypersonwhomwemusttakegoodcareof.(2)引导非限制性定语从句时，必须用关系代词which，不用that。如：Ihavelostmybag,whichIlikeverymuch.(3)关系代词在句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致。5.由that引导的定语从句中，that可以指人或物，在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语，但不能放在介词后面作介词宾语，即介词后只能用which,不能用that.如：ThebookthatIboughtyesterdaywaswrittenbyLuXun.注意：在下面几种情况下必须用that引导定语从句。(1)先行词是不定代词something,nothing,anything，everything等,如：AllthatwehavetodoistopractiseEnglish.(2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，如：ThefirstletterthatIgotfromhimwillbekeptinmycase.(3)先行词被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some等修饰，如：Ihaveeatenupallthefoodthatyougaveme.(4)先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时,如:HeistheonlypersonthatIwanttotalkwith.(5)先行词既有人又有物时，如:Theytalkaboutpersonsandthingsthattheymet.(6)当句中已有who时,为避免重复，如：Whoisthemanthatisgivingustheclass?6.由when,where,why引导的定语从句，如:Idon'tknowthereasonwhyhewaslate.Thisistheplacewherewehavelivedfor5years.I'llneverforgetthedaywhenImetMrLiforthefirsttime.注意：先行词是表示地点时，如果从句的谓语动词是及物的，就用that(which)，如果从句的谓语动词是不及物的，就用where引导。Thisisthehousewhich/thathehaslivedinfor15years.(wherehehaslivedfor15year.)7、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：（1）限制性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分，主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开，引导限制性定语从句的关系代词有：who,whom,whose,which,ofwhich等，这些关系代词都不可省。（2）非限制性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明，没有这种从句，不影响主句意思的完整性，一般用逗号将其与主句隔开，关系代词用which,不用that;指人时可用who.Eg:Ihavetwobrothers,whobotharebothstudents.8、如何简化定于从句（1）定语从句简化为形容词或形容词短语作后置定语。Eg:Mygrandfatherlivesinavillagewhichisfarawayfromhere.→Mygrandfatherlivesinavillagefarawayfromhere.(2)定语从句简化为现在分词或现在分词短语作前置或后置定语。Eg:ThemanwhoisstandingunderthetreeisourEnglishteacher.→ThemanstandingunderthetreeisourEnglishteacher.Isawthehousethatwasburning（燃烧）atthattime.→Isawthehouseburningatthattime.(3)定语从句简化为过去分词短语作后置定语。Eg:Iliketoeatthecakeswhicharemadebymymother.→Iliketoeatthecakesmadebymymother.(4)定语从句简化为不定式作后置定语。Eg:Sheisalwaysthefirstpersonthatcomestoschool.主动→Sheisalwaysthefirstpersontocometoschool.Thereportwhichwillbegiventomorrowisveryimportanceforus.被动→Thereporttobegiventomorrowisveryimportanceforus.(5)定语从句简化为what从句。Eg:Icouldn’trememberthewordsthathesaid.Icouldn’trememberwhathesaid.练习、I单选题1.Thesilk_______ismadeinHangzhousellswell.A.thatB.whoC.whatD./2.Theman_______todayleftthismessageforyou.A.calledB.hascalledC.whomcalledD.whocalled3.Doyoulivenearthebuilding______colorisyellow?A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.its4.Hehelpedhisfatheronthefarm______theylived.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where5.I’moneoftheboys_____neverlateforschool.A.thatisB.whoisC.whoareD.whoam6.All_____shouldbedonehasbeendone.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.whatever7.Jacktoldmeeverything_______heknewaboutit.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.who8.Myfatherworksinthefactory______thistypeoftruckismade.A.inwhereB.inwhichC.fromwhichD.ofwhich9.Theschool_______wevisitedlastweekwasbuiltin1956.A./B.whereC.thatD.bothAandC10.Thisisoneofthebestfilms_______Ihaveeverseen.A.whichB.thatC.ofwhichD.ofthat11.InfacttheSwede(瑞典人）didnotunderstandthethreequestions_______wereaskedinFrench.A.whereB.whoC.inwhichD.which12.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,mostof______hadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.A.theseB.thoseC.thatD.which13.Hisparentswouldn’tlethimplaywithanyone________familywaspoor.A.ofwhomB.whomC.ofwhoseD.whose14.All_______isneededisawonderfulmeal.A.thethingB.thatC.whatD.which15.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson_____shecouldturnforhelp.A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom16.Sheheardaterriblenoise,______broughtherheartintohermouth.A.itB.whichC.thisD.thatII用适当的关系词填空：1)I’llneverforgetthedayon________theymetfortheveryfirsttimelastsummer.2)Thisistheplace_________hesooftenmentioned(提及、谈论）tome.3)Theonlything________interestedhimwasthathecoulddoanything_________hewantedto.4)“Whatascientist!Whatawonderfulinvention!”hetalkedexcitedlyaboutBillGatesandhisMicrosoftCompany_________isnowafocus(焦点)ofnewspapersandtelevision.5)Heisold,________factisimportantinthiscase.6)Finally,thethiefhandedeverything__________hehadstolen.7)Wetalkedaboutthethingsandpersons_________wesawthen.8)With_________wereyoutalking?9)Thisistheverypresent__________mymothergaveme.10)Theyaretalkingaboutthepeopleandthings________theyareontheirwayhome.11)Whichisthebike__________ismadeinShanghai?12)Ithinkthisisthemostbeautifuldress______Iown.13)Those_______wanttobuythehousemaysigntheirnames(签名）first.14)Mysister,__________youmetinGuangzhou,hasboughtanewcar.15)That’stheway_______theywork.第一部分答案：1-5ADCDB6-10CBBDB11-16DDDBDB1.which2.that/which3.that,that4.which5.which6.that7.that8.whom9.that10.that11.that12.that13.who14.whom15.that/inwhich/不填