名词与代词一、考点、热点回顾(一)名词1.名词的数(1)可数名词——一般是个体名词,如aboy(一个男孩),集体名词afamily(一个家庭),可数名词在句子中必须有头或是有尾,头就是a,one,an或物主代词;尾就是复数形式。规则复数变化形式:情况构成方法读音例词一般情况加-s清辅音后读/s/,浊辅音或原音后读/z/book→bookskey→keys以o结尾的表示有生命的名词加-es读/z/tomato→tomatoespotato→potatoes以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的名词加-es读/iz/bus→buseswatch→watchesbox→boxes以ce,se,ze,(d)ge等结尾的名词加-s读/iz/case→casesorange→oranges以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词变y为i,再加-es读/z/family→familiesparty→parties以f或fe结尾的名词变f或fe为v,再加-es读/z/knife→knivesleaf→leaves不规则复数变化形式:变内部元音字母foot-feet,goose-geese,tooth-teeth,man-men词尾加enchild-children,ox-oxen单复数同形fish,sheep,deer,means,Chinese,yuan,jin,li特殊的复数形式:1)集体名词:集体名词不能运用具体的数字修饰,下面的集体名词,不能用a,one,two等修饰,只能在其前加the表示“全体……”。thepolice警察(指全体警察)theEnglish英国人(指全体英国人)theFrench法国人(指全体法国人)2)复合名词awomanteacher—womenteachers女教师anEnglishman—Englishmen英国男子agrown-up—grown-ups成人abrother-in-law—brothers-in-law内兄、内弟、小叔、大伯(2)不可数名词专有名词:NBA全美篮球协会MichaelJackson迈克杰克逊theWestLake西湖物质名词:液体:milkwaterteacoffeejuiceoil(油)肉类:beefchickenmuttonpork天气:weatherrainsnowwindlight光其他:news(新闻,消息)bread(面包)抽象名词:funloveluckdutykindness善良happiness幸福progress进步【注意】有些不可数的物质名词有复数形式,但表达不同意义。tea—differentkindsofteas不同种类的茶food食品—allkindsoffoods各种各样的食品fruit水果—allkindsoffruits各种各样的水果glass玻璃—aglass一个玻璃杯—glasses眼镜、玻璃杯【名词的格】1).表示有生命的东西的名词所有格。①一般在单数或复数名词后加-'s。如:Tom'schair;thechildren'sbedroom②以-s结尾的复数名词后直接加“'”。如:thestudents'readingroom③并列名词表示各自所属时,在两个名词之后都加’s;w表示共同所属时。在最后一个名词后加's。如:TomandMike'sfather汤姆和迈克的父亲(俩人共有的父亲)Tom’sandMike’sfathers汤姆的父亲和迈克的父亲(俩人各自的父亲)④表示店铺,某人的家,私人开的诊所、餐馆等,其所有格后的名词(如shop等)可以省略。如:atTom’s在汤姆家里atthetailor's在裁缝店atachemist's在药店2).表示无生命的东西的名词的所有格,常常用“of+名词”的形式。如:thecoversofthebook(s)书的封面aphotoofmyfamily一张我家的全家福注意:①表示有生命东西的名词,如果名词较长或名词的定语较长.也可用“of+名词”的形式。如:theworksofLuXun,LaoSheandMaoDunthefoundingofthePeople'sRepublicofChina中华人民共和国的成立②表示时间、距离、集体、城市、国家、团体、机构及某些惯用语中的名词,可用-'s。如:yesterday'snewspaper昨天的报纸fiveminutes’drive开车五分钟的路程③of短语所表示的是修饰名词的具体内容或材料。如:amapoftheworld世界地图aringofgold金戒指④某些习惯用法中of短语不能替换's结构。如:teachers'office教师办公室children'sbook儿童读物(二)代词:英语中代词有人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、关系代词、不定代词。人称代词:人称单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称hehimtheythemsheitherit通称oneones物主代词:人称单数复数形容词性名词性形容词性名词性第一人称mymineourours第二人称youryoursyouryours第三人称hisheritshishersitstheirtheirs通称one's反身代词:人称单数复数第一人称myselfourselves第二人称yourselfyourselves第三人称himselfherselfitselfthemselves通称oneself不定代词:常见的有some,any,all,none,both,either,either,each,other,another,much,many,few,little,one等指示代词:this,that,these,those疑问代词:二、典型例题()1.Howmany________werelostinthefire!A.lifeB.livesC.lifes()2.Wewillhavea________holiday,WhataboutgoingtoWestLake?A.twodayB.two-dayC.two-daysD.twoday’s()3.Ihave________todothisevening.A.alotofworksB.manyworkC.alotofworkD.someworks()4.Thereisgood_________foryou.I'vefoundyourlostwatch.A.newsB.ideasC.messagesD.thoughts()5.Myunclewillcometomyhousefordinner.Iwanttobuysome___tomakeavegetablesaladforhim.A.meatB.tomatoesC.applejuice()6.Theteachersaidweneededtochoosethreefortheschoolconcert.A.farmersB.doctorsC.driversD.singers()7.excitingnews!Wewillhavelongholidayaftertheexam.A.Whatan,aB.What,aC.Howan,theD.How,theWhowhomwhosewhichwhat谁(主格)谁(宾格)谁的哪个,哪些什么()8.excitingnews!Wewillhavelongholidayaftertheexam.A.Whatan,aB.What,aC.Howan,theD.How,the()9.MissBrownwillteach________Englishnextterm.A.usB.weC.ourD.ours()10.______areLeaguemembers.A.HeandmeB.IandheC.HeandID.Meandhe()11.Weareinahurry,sowecan’tlookafter________.A.theyB.theirC.theirsD.them()12.“Lookatthatbike,”hesaidtohisbrother.“Isn’titoneof______?”A.our’sB.ours’C.oursD.our()13.Wouldyoupleasegive_____?AhimitBithimCtohimitDittohim()14.Shealwaysthinksof____morethan____.Aothers,herBtheothers,sheCothers,herselfDtheothers,herself()15.---Whichsweaterdoyouprefer,theyellowoneorthepinkone?---_____.Ilikealightblueone.A.EitherB.BothC.AnyD.Neither三、课后练习()1.---Howfarisyourcousin’shomefromhere?---It’sabouttwo_______drive.A.hour’sB.hoursC.hours’D.hour()2---Goodmorning,madam.CanIhelpyou?---Sure,I’dlike______forcookingvegetables.A.twocupsofteaB.threepiecesofbreadC.fivekilosofoil()3---Wouldyoulikesomedrinks,boys?---Yes,____,please.A.someorangesB.twoboxesofchocolateC.somecakesD.twoboxesofcola()4---Look!Doyouknow______manunderthetree?---Sorry.It’stoofartosee______clearly.A.this;himB.that;hisC.this;herD.that;him()5---Whichofthecapswillyoutake?---I’lltake_______,oneformyfather,theotherformybrother.A.neitherB.bothC.all()6---Whohelpedyoucleantheclassroomyesterday?---_______.Icleaneditallbymyself.A.SomebodyB.NobodyC.Everybody()7---Excuseme.Iwanttobuysomestamps.WherecanIfindapostoffice?---Iknow_______notfarfromhere.Youcaneasilyfind________.A.that;itB.it;oneC.one;it()8_________ofthehatssuitedhim,soJackhadtotryonthethirdone.A.NeitherB.EitherC.Both()9---Haveyougot________readyforthesportsmeeting?---Notyet.Westillhave________todo.A.anything;nothingB.something;everythingC.everything;something()10.Allofusfind_______necessarytotakeexerciseeveryday.A.thisB.thatC.itD.them()11.---Linda,help_______tosomefruits.---Thankyou!A.youB.yoursC.yourselfD.yourselves()12.Sheisastudentand________nameisKate.A.sheB.herC.hers()13ThisEnglishnewspaperisveryeasy