听力dictation

一，（awomenathome）InJapan,mostpeoplestillfeelthatawoman'splaceisinthehome;andmostwomenwillinglyaccepttheirtraditionalroleaswives,leavingthebusinessofmakingalivingtotheirhusbands.Forthosewhodowantacareeroftheirown,opportunitiesarelimited,andworkingwomenusuallyhavetosettleforlowerwages,fewerpromotions,andlessresponsiblepositions.InAmerica,ontheotherhand,mostwomen,includingwivesandmothers,workmostoftheirlives.Butuntilrecently,fewhavehadrealcareers.AsinJapanmostfieldsaredominatedbymenandopportunitiesforwomenhavebeenrestricted,salarieslow,chancesforadvancementrare.Americanwomenworkmainlybecausetheyhaveto;inthesedaysofinflationandluxuriousliving,onlyoneincomeperfamilyissimplynotenoughtoliveon.SoAmericanwomenactuallyhavetwojobs:onenine-to-fivepositionoutsidethehome,andtheotherround-the-clockin-the-homejobsuchaswife,housemaid,cookandnurse.（Oneofthemaingoalsofthemodernwomen'sliberationmovement,whichstartedintheearly1960s,wastoeliminatesexdiscriminationintheworkforce,andtoopenupopportunitiesforwomenthatwerepreviouslyreservedformen.Andthoughthereisstillalongwaytogo,alotofprogresshasbeenmade.）二，（success）Successinlifedependstoagreatextentonwhatwemeanbysuccess.Tosomepeoplemoneyistheonlyrealindication(象征)ofachievementinthemodernworld.Theirevaluationofsuccessisbasedonthestateoftheirbankbalanceandthepowerthatgoeswithit.Theirlifeisdevotedtomakingmoneyandtheyareatalosstounderstandpeoplewhoseideasaredifferentfromtheirown.Therearepeople,however,whoconsidertheirlivessuccessfuliftheyaredoingwhattheyenjoydoingthoughitmaynotbringthem,anygreatfinancial(财政)reward.Amanwhospendshistimegardeningmightconsiderhimselfsuccessfuliftheflowersblossomedandhistreesgavefruit.Nursing,teaching,runningaYouthCluballbringtheirownkindofsuccesstothoseinterestedinthem.Successcanbefoundinpaintingapicturenobodywilleversee,sailingaboat,watchingthestars,collectingstamps---almostanythingthatinvolvepersonalefforts.Thegreatthingistobelievethatsuccessisnotnecessarilypublic.三，（thepeoplewayofseeingthings）Thewayweseethingsisaffectedbywhatweknoworwhatwebelieve.ForthosewhobelievedinthephysicalexistenceofHellinmiddleages,thesightoffiremusthavemeantsomethingdifferentfromwhatitmeanstoday.Neverthelesstheirideaofhellowedalottothesightoffireconsumingandtheashesremainingaswellastotheirexperienceofthepainofburns.Weonlyseewhatwelookat.Tolookisanactofchoice.Asaresultofthisact,whatweseeisbroughtwithinourreach,thoughnotnecessarilywithinarm'sreach.Totouchsomethingistosituateoneselfinrelationtoit.Weneverlookatjustonething;wearealwayslookingattherelationbetweenthingsandourselves.Ourvisioniscontinuallyactive,continuallymoving,continuallyholdingthingsinacirclearounditself.（Soonafterwecansee,weareawarethatwecanalsobeseen.Theeyeofotherscombineswithourowneyetomakeitfullyclearthatwearepartofthevisibleworld.）四EducationSomepeoplemaysaythatitisenergythatmakestheworldtogoround,/butinmyopinionthereissomethingelsewhichisequallyimportant./Thatiseducation./Educationmakesitpossibletopasson/theinvaluableknowledgeofourancestorsand,atthesametime,/makesiteasiertoexplorethecontemporaryworld./Mostgreatinventionshavebeenbroughtaboutbyeducatedpeople./Sowecansaythateducationmakestheworldgoround./Apoorlyeducatednationcanneverbearichone./Themostadvancedcountriesintheworldallplacegreatemphasisoneducation./Nationswhichhavealowpercentageofeducatedpeoplecan,/inmostcases,barelyproducethebasicnecessitiesoflife,/letalonedeveloptheirscience,technologyandeconomics./Suchnationsarefacingthepossibilityofextinctioninthishighlydevelopedworld./Therefore,educationcannotbeemphasizedenoughinadevelopingcountry.OldAgeManypeoplemistakenlybelievethatoldageisatimeofincreasedillnessandloneliness./Infact,peopledonotsuddenlychange/whentheyreachtheageof60or65./Consequently,weshouldnotexpectmorementalillness/amongthe60to70agegroupthanamongthe50to60./Furthermore,alsomoreparentsandtheirmarriedchildrenliveinseparatehouseholdsthaneverbefore,/thisisusuallybychoice./Itisnotbecausechildrennowtendtoneglecttheirparents/whentheybecomeold./Itisalsowrongtobelievethatoldageseriouslyaffectsaperson’smentalabilities./Thereisclearproofthatpeoplewhowereeagertolearnandwhowelcomednewexperiencesintheiroldage,/continuetodosoinoldage./Itistruethatolderpeopletendtotakelongertolearnsomethingnewthanyoungpeople./Nevertheless,iftheyaregivensufficienttime,/theylearnaswellasyoungpeopledo.BeingUnemployedMostpeoplearemuchmorefrightenedbybeingunemployedthantheyneedtobe./Beingunemployedcertainlyhasdisadvantages,/buttherearegoodthingsaboutittoo./Oneadvantageisthatyoudon’thavetogetupearlytoworkintherushhour./Youcanstayinbedaslongasyoulike,/andthereisplentyoftimetoreadthenewspaper/andhavealeisurelybreakfast./Butthebestthingofallisthatyouareyourownboss/andthereisnoonetotellyouwhattodoandwhentodoit./Onedrawbackofbeingunemployedisthatyouhaven’tgotmuchmoneycomingin—/havingajobatleastenablesyoutosavealotofmoneytogoonholiday./Ontheotherhand,whenyouareunemployed,/youneedn’tgoonholiday/becauseyouareonholidayalready./Infact,themaintroubleisthatyouhavetospendmuchtimelookingforajob.T