初高中英语衔接导学案---句子成分

1初高中英语衔接导学案句子成分【学习目标】学会划分成分句子（初级目标）；能书写出正确无误的句子（高级目标）【重点难点】重点：谓语；难点：状语【使用说明】1.请同学们在上课之前，提前完成【预学】案。2.请同学们在上课之前，准备好红笔。【预学】【预学内容】划分以下句子成分：1.WealwaysworkhardatEnglish。2.Hesaidhedidn’tcome.3.Theyloveeachother.4.Whatdidyoubuy?5.Shewatchedherdaughterplayingthepiano.6.Yourjobtodayistohelptheold.7.Speakingdoesn’tmeandoing.8.BythetimeIgottothestation,thetrainhadleft.【导学】英语句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有和；次要成分有（二）在下列例句中，用红线标出该种句子成分一、主语（subject）:句子说明的人或事物。Thesunrisesintheeast.(名词)Helikesdancing.(代词)Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(数词)Seeingisbelieving.(动名词)Toseeistobelieve.(不定式)Whatheneedsisabook.(主语从句)Itisclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree(It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语)二、谓语（predicate）:说明主语的动作、状态和特征。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。一句话语法:谓语由充当.有很多同学在写作的时候容易犯的错误就是要么乱用be动词,要么句子没有谓语动词.谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：WestudyEnglish2、复合谓语：由情态动词或其他助动词加动词构成。Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.三、表语（predicative）:系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。Heisateacher.(名词)Seventy-four!Youdon’tlookit.(代词)Fiveandfiveisten.(数词)Heisasleep.(形容词)Hisfatherisin.(副词)Thepictureisonthewall.(介词短语)Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.(形容词化的分词)Towearafloweristosay“I’mpoor,Ican’tbuyaring.(不定式)Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.(表语从句)【重难点】常见的系动词有:be,(听起来)，(看起来)，(摸起来)，(闻起来)，(尝、吃起来)，(保持，仍是)，(感觉)Itsoundsagoodidea.Thesoundsoundsstrange.Hervoicesoundssweet.Tomlooksthin.Thefoodsmellsdelicious.Thefoodtastesgood.Thedoorremainsopen.NowIfeeltired.四、宾语（object）：1)动作的承受者——IlikeChina.(名词)Hehatesyou.(代词)Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.(数词)Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.(形容词)Ienjoyworkingwithyou.(动名词)2Ihopetoseeyouagain.(不定式)Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?(宾语从句)2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词——Areyouafraidofthesnake?Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.3)双宾语——间宾()和直宾()Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.【一句话语法】:宾语由名词性的词充当,宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语,分别构成动宾结构和介词结构,这点非常重要,务必要牢记.五、宾补（Objectivecomplement）对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。Weelectedhimmonitor.(名词)Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere.(名)Wewillmakethemhappy.(形容词)Wefoundnobodyin.(副词)Pleasemakeyourselfathome.(介词短语)Don’tlethimdothat.(省to不定式)Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.(带to不定式)Don’tkeepthelightsburning.(现在分词)I’llhavemybikerepaired.(过去分词)六、主补（Subjectivecomplement）：对主语的补充。Hewaselectedmonitor.（名词）Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.（现在分词）Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（不定式）七、定语(attribute)：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。AiYanlingisachemistryteacher.(名词)Heisourfriend.(代词)Webelongtothethirdworld.(数词)Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.(形容词)Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.(副词)Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.(介词)TheboysplayingfootballareinCla2.(现在分词)Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.(过去分词)Ihaveanideatodoitwell.(不定式)YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.(定语从句)八、状语(adverbial)：用来修饰v.,adj.,adv.,or句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式、让步、伴随和比较。【要求】用红笔在下列句子中标出状语成分，并区分是哪种状语：Iwillgotheretomorrow.Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.Hedidn’tstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.Hegoestoschoolbybike.Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.Iamtallerthanheis.九．同位语(appositive)：同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分，近乎于后置定语。Westudentsshouldstudyhard.(students是we的同位语，都是学生)Weallarestudents.(all是we的同位语，都指同样的‘我们’）【固学】【当堂检测】指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.【作业布置】(一).指出下列句中主语的中心词(4分，4分钟)①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.②Thereisanoldmancominghere.③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.(二).选出句中谓语的中心词(10分，10分钟)①Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.A.don'tB.likeC.pictureD.wall②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.A.getB.longerC.daysD.summer③Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?A.DoB.usuallyC.goD.bus④Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.A.willbeB.meetingC.thelibraryD.afternoon⑤Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?3A.DidB.twinsC.haveD.breakfast⑥Tomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.A.TomB.didn'tC.doD.hishomework⑦WhatIwanttotellyouisthis.A.wantB.totellC.youD.is⑧Wehadbettersendforadoctor.A.WeB.hadC.sendD.doctor⑨Heisinterestedinmusic.A.isB.interestedC.inD.music⑩Whomdidyougivemybookto?A.giveB.didC.whomD.book(三)挑出下列句中的宾语（10分，10分钟）①Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.ABCD②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.ABCD③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.ABCD④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?ABCD⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?ABCD⑥Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.ABCD⑦Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.ABCD⑧Goacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.ABCD⑨Youwillfinditusefulafteryouleaveschool.ABCD⑩Theydidn'tknowwhoFatherChristmasreallyis.ABCD(四)挑出下列句中的表语(5分，5分钟)①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.ABCD②WhyisheworriedaboutJim?ABCD③Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.ABCD④SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.ABCD⑤Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.ABCD(五)挑出下列句中的定语(6分，6分钟)①TheyuseMr.Mrs.withthefamilyname.ABCD②Whatisyourgivenname?ABCD③OnthethirdlapareC