第2章 供应链管理概念

CHAPTER2TheSupplyChainManagementTheSupplyChainManagementConceptConcept©2008PrenticeHall2-2LearningObjectivesTolearnaboutsupplychainsandtheirmanagementTounderstanddifferencesbetweentransactionalandrelationalexchangesTorealizetheimportanceofleveragingtechnologyToappreciatebarrierstosupplychainmanagement©2008PrenticeHall2-3AboutSupplyChains…Asupplychain“encompassesallactivitiesassociatedwiththeflowandtransformationofgoodsfromtherawmaterialstage(extraction),throughtotheenduser,aswellastheassociatedinformationflows.”Source:RobertB.HandfieldandErnestL.Nichols,Jr.,IntroductiontoSupplyChainManagement©2008PrenticeHall2-4Figure2-1:DifferentSupplyChainConfigurations©2008PrenticeHall2-5SupplyChainManagement–Supplychainmanagementis“thesystemic,strategiccoordinationofthetraditionalbusinessfunctionsandthetacticsacrossthesebusinessfunctionswithinaparticularcompanyandacrossbusinessesinthesupplychain,forthepurposesofimprovingthelong-termperformanceoftheindividualcompaniesandthesupplychainasawhole.”Source:JohnT.Mentzeretal.,“DefiningSupplyChainManagement,”JournalofBusinessLogistics©2008PrenticeHall2-6SuccessfulSupplyChainshave…anenterprise-to-enterprisepointofviewasystemsapproachacrossallorganizationsinthesupplychain–Companiesrecognizeinterdependencies–Goalsandobjectivesarecompatible©2008PrenticeHall2-7Figure2-2:TheSupplyChainOperationsReference(SCOR)Model©2008PrenticeHall2-8KeyAttributesofSupplyChainManagementCustomerpowerLong-termorientation–Relationalexchanges–TransactionalexchangesLeveragingtechnologyEnhancedcommunicationacrossorganizations©2008PrenticeHall2-9KeyAttributesofSupplyChainManagementInventorycontrol–Bullwhipeffect–JAZInteractivity,interfunctional,andinterorganizationalcoordination–Supplychaincouncils–Coopetition©2008PrenticeHall2-10BarrierstoSupplyChainManagementRegulatoryandpoliticalconsiderationsLackoftopmanagementcommitmentReluctancetoshare,oruse,relevantdataIncompatibleinformationsystemsIncompatiblecorporatecultures©2008PrenticeHall2-11SupplyChainManagementandIntegrationLong-term,mutuallybeneficialagreements–Partnerships–Strategicalliances–Third-partyarrangements–ContractlogisticsMethodsusedtointegrate–Verticalintegration–Formalcontracts–Informalagreements©2008PrenticeHall2-12SupplyChainManagementandIntegrationThird-PartyLogistics(3PL)–Logisticsoutsourcing–ContractlogisticsFourth-partylogistics(4PL)primarilyusedinglobalcompanies–Leadlogisticsprovider(LLP)Supplychainsoftware