农业产业化过程中均分地权和规模化经营研究

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华中科技大学博士学位论文农业产业化过程中均分地权和规模化经营研究姓名:邵春杰申请学位级别:博士专业:管理科学与工程指导教师:邹珊刚20050427I50II+SCPIII-IVAbstractWhiletheChina’slong-termfarmingeconomyhassustainedtoalargedegreethegrowthofChinesepopulation,itgivesrisetotheconstraintofindustryandcommerce.Theharshdemographicgrowthfinallyhasturned“theintensetensionbetweenlandandpeople”toastrongresourceconstraintwhichhasconfinedtheprosperityofindustryforalongtime.Theperipheralpoliticaltenseandtheideaof“powerfulindustrialcountry”afterthefoundationofNewChinaareboundtostimulatetheformationofnewstrategies,castingnewnation-wideimpetustoacceleratethedevelopmentofheavyindustries.Inordertocutoffthetransactioncostwithbillionsoffarmers,thegovernmentadopteda“triple”strategicpolicyincludingdrawingoutfullbillofagriculturalsurplusbyconcentratingthefarmland,anddrawingoutallurbansurplusthroughurban-suburbandivisionandcontrollingurbancitizen’sincome,andthusestablishedacomparativelyconsummatenationaleconomicmechanisminanation-widescale.Whereasthedistributionmechanismthatconventionallyallocatedthelivingmaterialaccordingtoheadsnumberhasledtothegrowthofpopulationandinputconstraint,whichfurtherrecededtheendowmentconditionsandultimatelygavebirthtotheautomaticdisintegrationofurbancollectiveeconomicsystem,andresumedtheassignmentofprivateusingoffarmland.Sincethecontinuoustensebetweenpeopleandlandhadbeenarootedimpediment,thefractionizingoffarmland’sownershiphasnowbecomeaninevitablechoiceforstabilityofurbansocialeconomy,yetwhichthenleadstothefracturingcharacteristicsofagriculturaloperation.Undertheconditionthatourgovernmentcouldnotaffordtothebasicsustenancefunctionofagriculturalpopulation,thefunctionnaturallyfallsbacktothefarmland.Andatthesametimeourgovernmentstrivesattheiroutmosttoensurethepersistentstabilityofprivateusingoffarmlandthroughcollectiveownership,banningofmarketcirculationandconstancyofresponsibilitysystemin50years.However,becauseofthis,itcreatesthecurrentsituationoflowmerchandisingrateofproductsofnon-basicensuringfunctionsoffarmland,andthehandicappeddevelopmentoffarmland’sscaledVoperationthroughconvergingthemarketforces.Thestimulationofresponsibilitysystemanddualeffectsofagriculturaltechnologicaldevelopmenthasworkedoutaconstantincreaseinfarmlandproductivity,andturnedtheconversionoffarmers’initialfocusonsubsistencetonowmarketabilization.Confrontedwithenormousdemandoffarmingproduct,the“fracturing”characterizedsmall-scalefarmingeconomywillsurelyleadtothebirthoftorturedhightransactioncostsandextremelyhighmarketrisks.Thepursuitofscaledoperationthenbecomesthepressingdemandformarketabilizedeconomyofbillionsoffarmersaftertheirsatisfyingthebasicrequirementforsubsistence.Ontheotherhand,withtheriseoflivingstandardsofurbancitizens,theoriginalstate-monopolizedoperationpatternoffarmingproductcirculationhasnowbeenafarcryfromthatwhichiscapableoffulfillingthepeople’sdemandforfreshfarmingproducts.Marketimpetuscharacterizedbyaconspicuousconvergencetolarge-scalecapitalhasnowbeguntotakebirthinthefarmingproductscirculationfieldswithwhichagriculturalcirculationenterprisesspringuppromptly.Purposedtoguaranteethestablefarmingproductsources,bothagriculturalcirculationenterprisesandnumeroussmall-sizedeconomiesshouldsetouttohandletheproblemsofincreasingtransactioncostandriseofmarketrisks.Thusitbecomesanurgingpriorityforagriculturalenterprisestoorganizetheirsuppliersinconsiderabledimensions.Therefore,underthedualinfluencesofaverageownershipsystemoffarminglandandconstantdemandforfarmingproductsincirculationmarket,agriculturalscaledoperationtakesitsbirth.Basedonpracticalconstantabove,thisarticleconductstheanalysistoagriculturalscaledoperationunderaverageownershipsystemofrurallandinfollowingphasesandproposesseveralfollowingviews:Firstofall,therealizationofagriculturalscaledoperationshouldbeviatheformofagriculturalcorporationoperation.Thecurrentconditionofagriculturaloperationunderaverageownershipsystemofrurallandisthatthedisorganizationofdisparateagriculturaloperationstemminghighbilloftransactioncostand“corporations&farmers”organizationpatternofscaledoperationwillbothinevitablygivebirthtohigh-rocketeddefaultratioandafurtherstimulusofhightransactioncostunderthehandicappedmechanismoffarmingproductscirculationmarkets.VIThispaper,asfarasthecurrentsituationoftheformer,provesthatthewaytoreducetransactioncostshouldbeintheformofagriculturalindustrialization,andasforasthelater,bytransactioncosttheory,provesthatwestillcan’treducetransactioncostefficientlywith“orderagriculture”workingastheorganizationalmodeofagriculturalindustrialization.Therefore,thepapersuggeststhattheindustrializationtocutdowntransactioncostefficientlyis“agriculturalindustrializationintheformofcorporationoperation”,whichtransformthemarkettransactionbetweenfarmersandcompaniesintothecompanies’internaloperation.Thispaperalsoestablishesthatit’stheonlywaytoefficientlyreducethetransactioncostintheprocessofagriculturalindustrializationistheimplementationofthiskindoftransformation.Secondly,proposethatcorporationoperationonfarmproductsmarketistheimplementedpatternofcorporat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