历届高考英语完形填空全国卷

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高考完形填空专项训练步步高抓好三方面●跨好三大步●做好三结合------谈完形填空解题技巧中学生在做完形填空题时存在的问题,概括起来有以下三方面:1.不善于抓文章的主旨大意,并以此为中心展开对整篇文章的推理、判断,导致理解上出现偏差,甚至和文章的中心相悻。2.容易受定势思维的影响,对文意分析不透,忽视特定语境中知识的运用。3.对完形填空题怀有厌倦、畏惧心理,以至做题时处于应付状态,做题能力得不到提高。那么,怎样才能提高做完形填空题的能力呢?我们应从以下三方面入手训练思维能力和解题技巧:抓准主旨、透析文意、理清逻辑。并在做题过程中把这三方面与做完形填空的三大步骤“通读、精读、复读”有机结合,明确每步的思维主攻方向。即抓好三方面,跨好三大步,做好三结合。一、通读短文抓主旨一般情况下,完形填空短文都不给标题,不容易把握文章的主题和大意。但短文首句通常不设空格,这就为我们窥视文章全貌提供了一个窗口,而尾句往往是文章的总结、结论或点睛之笔,所以抓住开篇启示作用的首句和总结概括性的尾句是必要的。借助于首尾句给予的启示,克服不良心理的影响,满怀信心,全神贯注,目光越过空格,注意能体现文章大意的关键词句,尽力从整体上理解短文大意,这是逐空填词的重要依据和基础。如果一开始就忙于见空填空,势必无法从整体上把握全文概要,无法形成连贯的思路,只见树木不见森林,理解偏离文章的中心,造成顾,此失彼的错误,甚至影响做题速度。抓住了文章的主旨大意后,我们围绕主旨大意去阅读、预测、推理、判断,往往会收到事半功倍的效果。尤其是一些干扰性强,容易使人犯想当然错误的选项就会迎刃而解。二、精读短文析文意在基本抓住文章的主旨后,应逐句精读短文,逐题分析选项,对特定的语境做深人的理解,克服“定势思维”,根据全文大意和词不离句,句不离文的原则,逐项填空。切不可以单纯的词汇辨析或语法角度去做题,而应以能否恰如其分地表达文意作为选择最佳答案的唯一标准。要吃透文意,理解到位,我们应做到以下几点:1.从上下文的角度考虑,注意其内在联系。就题论题,断章取义,忽视上下文的信息提示是我们常犯的错误。因此我们在做题时要注重暗含的信息提示,找准突破口,确保文意畅通。2.从词汇意义及用法、惯用法和搭配的角度去考虑,准确判断。NMET完形填空题中考查词汇意义及用法、惯用法和搭配的题目逐年增多,必须结合上下文把握文意,研读细节,准确认定语境,才能做好这类题目。3.从逻辑推理、常识等角度考虑,挖掘文章的寓意及隐含意义。尤其是NMET完形填空短文大都包含一定的哲理和寓意,具备深层探询的可能性,这就要求我们既要明确表层意义,还要理解其深层含义。而结合我们已有的生活常识和社会常识去做题,则会有意想不到的效果,因为每个人的能力不是单一的。4.从英汉两种语言的差异角度去考虑,避免错误。因为我们在英语学习过程中往往伴随“心译”过程,而出题者则会从母语的角度设置干扰项,在做题时一定要意识到这一点,不要受母语影响,借助平时学习中培养起来的语感,灵活处理。总之,在逐项填空时应根据全文大意和词不离句,句不离文的原则,把上下文的意思、句法结构、词类和语法功能、惯用法、逻辑推理常识等各种因素加在一起综合考虑,仔细推敲,选中答案。三、复读全文再检验在做完一篇完形填空后,文章完整了,应从头至尾读一遍,根据复读的语感和对整篇短文的理解,再次将较明显的错误改正,个别需要推敲的再做调整,力争尽可能少出错。另外,要做好完形填空,除了具备扎实的基础知识和快速阅读及理解的能力外,良好的心理素质和思维品质也至关重要。我们在平时训练时不能忽视对后者的训练。一、高考完形填空解析(一)—(MET91)Onthenightoftheplay.Jackwasatthetheaterearlyandhewasalreadydressedinapoliceman'sclotheslong1theendofthefirstscene.Hecertainlylookedthepartallrighthethoughtashe2himselfinthemirror.He3thoughtofgoingoutintothestreettosee4hecouldpassas5outthere.Justfor6,ofcourse.Thenhesuddenlyfeltnervous.Afterallitwashisfirsttimeto7apartinaplay.8couldhefaceallthosepeople9theplay?heputhisheadinhishandsandtriedto10hislines(台词),butnothing11tohismind.Aknockonthedoormadehimlook12.Hewastogoonstage(舞台)inthesecondscene.HaveI13mypartandruined(破坏)theplayforeverybody?hethoughttohimself.But14wasonlythemanager.She15hownervoushewasand16heshouldstandnearthestage17hecouldwatchandfollowtheplay.Itwasagood18ofgettingridofhisnervousness»shesaid.Shewasright,itseemedto19.Infactthemorehewatchedtheplay,the20hefelthimselfpartofit.Atlastthe21cameforhimtoappearonthestage.Butsuddenlythemanagercametohimagain,22worriedassheplacedahandonhisarmto23himback.Hasanythinggone24?Jackasked.I'mafraidyou'regoingtobe25.shesaid,They'vejumpedthreepagesoftheplayandhavemissedyourpartoutcompletely.1.A.beforeB.byC.afterD.at2.A.lookedB.showedC.admiredD.enjoyed3.A.justB.evenC.stillD.already4.A.howB.whyC.asifD.whether5.A.apolicemanB.aninspectorC.anofficerD.amanager6.A.jokeB.funC.playD.exercise7.A.makeB.joinC.haveD.give8.A.WhereB.WhyC.WhenD.How9.A.followingB.attendingC.watchingD.observing10.A.readB.rememberC.understandD.learn11.A.cameB.wentC.happenedD.got12.A.awayB.upC.outD.down13.A.passedB.leftC.missedD.failed14.A.thisB.thatC.sheD.it15.A.wonderedB.imaginedC.noticedD.examined16.A.agreedB.suggestedC.persuadedD.encouraged17.A.whereB.whenC.thatD.there18.A.ideaB.wayC.pathD.plan.19.A.doB.winC.workD.act20.A.lessB.harderC.betterD.more21.A.hourB.minuteC.momentD.period22.A.feelingB.lookingC.sounding•D.growing23.A.holdB.take„C.catchD.push24.A.badB.lateC.madD.wrong25.A.frightenedB.excitedC.disappointedD.pleased(二)(NMET91)Itwasacoldwinter'safternoon.Robertstoppedforamomentashecrossedthebridgeandlookeddownattheriverbelow.Therewerehardlyany1ontheriver.2thebridge,however,almostdirectbelow,3wasasmallcanoe,withaboyinit.Hewas4wearingmanydothes.Robert5.Heshiveredandwalkedon.6heheardacry.Help!Help!Thecry7fromtheriver.Robertlookeddown.Theboywas8thewaterandhiscanoewas9away.Help!Help!hecalledagain.Robertwasagood10.Takingoffhisclothes,he11intotheriver.The12watermadehimtrembleallover,13inafewsecondshereachedthe14Don'tbeafraid,hesaidandstartedtoswimtowardstheriverbank,15theboywithhim.Butatthat16henoticedalargemotorboatunderthebridge.Therewereseveralpeopleontheboat,all17inhisdirection.Robert18toswimtowardstheboat.Givemeahand,heshouted19hegotneartheboat.He20upintoarowoffaces.It'sfunny,hethought.Theylookso21.Silentlytheyhelpedtheboyintotheboatand22himinablanket.Buttheydidnotmoveto23Robert.Aren'tyougoingtopullme24too?Robertasked.You!saidoneoftheman.Robertnoticedthathewasstandingnexttoalarge25.You!Why»weweremakingafilmandyouspoiledawholeafternoon'swork.Youcanstayinthewater!1.A.fishB.boatsC.wavesD.sound2.A.FromB.TowardsC.NearD.Behind3.A.thereB.itC.whereD.that4.A.thenB.alsoC.onlyD.not5.A.noticedB.sawC.guessedD.said6.A.TillthenB.JustthenC.FarawayD.Fromthere7.A.happenedB.wentC.arrived.D.came8.A.onB.withinC.inD.under9.A.runningB.floatingC.flowingD.pulling10.A.swimmerB.guard.C.soldierD.player.11.A.threwB.lookedC.jumpedD.turned12.A.deepB.coolC.dirtyD.cold13.A.butB.soC.andD.or14.A.canoeB.bankC.boyD.bridge15.A.pushingB.draggingC.holdingD.catching16.A.placeB.periodC.secondD.moment17.A.seeingB.smilingC.lookingD.shouting18.A.decided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