原则性热力系统的计算

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一、原则性热力系统拟定及数据整理1、设计题目本次工程选择的主机是上海汽轮机厂生产的引进优化型亚临界300MW机组,该300MW汽轮机为上海汽轮机厂引进美国西屋公司的技术制造的亚临界、中间再热、双缸双排汽、高中压合缸、单轴、反动、凝汽式汽轮机。型号:N300MW-16.7/538/538-1型;额定功率:300MW转速:3000r/min;给水回热:八段不调整抽汽(3个高压加热器+1个除氧器+4个低压加热器),其中高压缸2段,中压缸2段,低压缸4段;额定背压:0.0049MPa;额定冷却水温度:20℃;2、额定工况(TRL)下的热力参数1)额定功率:300MW,外供热量见任务书2)新蒸汽:(高压主汽阀前)主汽压力p0=16.7MPa;主汽温t0=538℃;再热蒸汽:(中压联合汽阀前)pzr=3.41MPa;再热汽温tzr=538℃3)排汽压力pn=11.8kPa;排汽焓hn=2427.6kJ/kg4)系统补水率3%5)各级抽汽参数:见下表1)轴封各段漏气份额及:序号来源符号流量份额焓值汇入点1门杆一段漏气A0.4080.0004203397.2H12高中压间隙漏气E0.37640.0003883323.1H13高压前轴封一段漏气L10.8670.0111903034.9除氧器H44高压前轴封二段漏气N0.7530.0007753034.9除氧器H45高压前轴封三段漏气M0.1090.0001123034.9除氧器H46再热阀杆漏气K3.9170.0040343537.4H37中压后轴封二段漏气R0.1060.0001093109.1sg8中压后轴封一段漏气P0.7290.0007513109.1sg9低压轴封二段漏气T0.4840.0004982716.2sg10门杆二段漏气B0.1250.0001293397.2sg11高压缸流入中压缸压漏气F——G14.2220.0146453323.1溢流至中压缸2)整理数据:300MW-16.7/0.8/538/538型双缸双排汽机组回热系统计算点参数项目单位H1H2H3H4H5H6H7H8SGC数据来源抽汽压力pjMpa6.283.791.720.8250.3480.1370.07380.02220.0118已知抽汽压损△pj%33355555已知加热器汽侧压力'pjMpa6.0923.6761.660.78380.33060.13020.070110.2109计算抽汽焓值hjkJ/kg313030283330312529282755265824952427.6查水蒸汽表pj下饱和水温tdj℃276.6245.4203.4169.6136.9107.29061.2349.08查水蒸汽表pj下饱和水的焓'hjkJ/kg1218.51063.2867.76717.48575.9449.4376.92256.29205.49查水蒸汽表加热器传热端差θj℃-1.70002.82.82.82.82.8已知加热器出口水温tj℃278.3245.4203.4169.6134.1104.487.258.4358.43tdj-θj加热器水侧压力pwMpa20.8820.8820.880.78381.81.81.81.81已知加热器出口水焓hwjkJ/kg1222.181065.03875.76717.48565.1438.9366.53246.09246.09由pw、tj查水蒸汽表疏水端差J℃5.65.65.65.65.65.65.6疏水出口水温℃251209178.711092.858.99tj+1+疏水端差疏水冷却出口水焓hwjdkJ/kg1090.1893.73742.46461.81388.75246.97查水蒸汽表亚临界压力300MW凝汽式机组蒸汽膨胀过程二、全厂热力系统工质平衡汽轮机总耗汽量锅炉蒸发量D'=D0Db=D’+Dl=D0+0.03DbDb=1.0309D0锅炉给水量Dfw=Db+Dbl=1.0309D0+0.03Db=1.061827D01)扩容排污排污量Dbl=3%Db排污扩容器和排污水冷却器的热效率ηf,ηf为98%。取汽包压力p=1.12p0,p0=18.704MPa,p=18.704MPa下饱和水的焓值hbl,查水蒸气表得:hbl=1763.232kJ/kg。p扩=p,4(1+3%)=0.80731MPa。p扩下饱和水和饱和蒸汽的焓hf'、hf。查水蒸气表得hf'=722.84kJ/Kg,hf=2769.23kJ/Kg由扩容排污器物质平衡得:Dbl=Df+D'bl(2-1)由扩容排污器热平衡得:Dblhblηf=Dfhf''+Dbl'hf'(2-2)由公式(2-1)和(2-2)得Df=0.01519D0,Dbl=0.015737D0Dfw=Db+Dbl=1.0309D0+0.03Db=1.061827D0故化补水量Dma=(Dl+D')+100000=0.046664D0+100000扩容排污冷却器取化补水温度为15℃,则化补水焓值hw,ma=4.1818×15=62.727kJ/kg环境参数为90kPa,thj=15℃,排入地沟的水温度为40℃。由90kPa,40℃查水蒸气表得hwc,bl=167.58kJ/kgw,由扩容排污冷却器热平衡得:Dbl'(h'–hwc,bl)ηf=Dma1(hwc,ma-hw,ma)将数据代入公式(3-5)得:hwc,ma=246.238kJ/kg扩容汇总Dbl=0.030927D0,hbl=1763.232kJ/kgp扩=0.80731MPa,hf'=722.84kJ/kg,hf=2769.23kJ/kgDf=0.01519D0,Dbl'=0.015737D0Dma1=0.046664D0,hw,ma=62.727kJ/kg,hwc,ma=246.238kJ/kghwc,bl=167.58kJ/kg3.2原则性热力系统计算3.2.1各部分汽水流量计算1)1号高压加热器1#高压加热器热平衡图如图3-3所示。图3-3H1热平衡图ADE由H1热平衡计算1号加热器抽汽量[D1(h1-hw1)+DA(hA-hdw1)+DE(hE-hdw1)]ηh=Dfw(hw1-hw2)(2-3)由公式(2-3)得:D1=[Dfw(hw1-hw2)/ηh-DA(hA-hdw1)-DE(hE-hdw1)]/(h1-hdw1)=1.061827𝐷0(1222.18−1065.03)−0.00420𝐷0(3397.2−1090.1)−0.000388𝐷0(3323.1−1090.1)3130−1090.1=0.081728D0由H1物质平衡得H1疏水流量:Dd1=D1=0.081728D02)2号高压加热器2#高压加热器热平衡图如图3-4所示。图3-4H2热平衡图由H2热平衡计算2号加热器抽汽量[D2(h2-hw2d)+Dd1(hw1d-hw2d)]ηh=Dfw(hw2-hw3)(2-4)由公式(2-4)得:D2=[Dfw(hw2-hw3)/ηh-Dd1(hw1d-hw2d)]/(h2-hw2d)=1.061827𝐷0(1065.03−875.76)−0.081728𝐷0(1090.1−893.72)3028−893.72=0.087595D0由物质平衡得H2疏水流量:Dd2=Dd1+Dd2=0.169323D0再热蒸汽量Drh,由高压缸物质平衡得Drh=D0-D1-D2-DB-DA-DLMN-DF-G=0.803405D03)3号高压加热器3#高压加热器热平衡图如图3-5所示。图3-5H3热平衡图先计算给水泵焓升Δhpuw。设除氧器的水位高度为20米,则给水泵的进口压力为pin=20×0.098+0.7838=0.9798MPa,取给水的平均比体积为vav=0.0011m3DK/kg、给水泵效率ηpu=0.83,给水泵出口压力为pout=p0×1.25=20.88MPa,则Δhpuw=1000vav×(pout-pin)/0.83=26.374kJ/kg由H3热平衡得[D3(h3-hw3d)+Dd2(hw2d-hw3d)+Dk(hk-hw3d)]ηh=Dfw[hw3-(hw4+Δhpuw)](2-5)由公式(2-5)得:D3={Dfw[hw3-(hw4+Δhpuw)]/ηh-Dd2(hw1d-hw2d)-Dk(hk-hw3d)}/(h3-hw3d)=1.061827𝐷0(867.76−717.48−26.374)−0.169323𝐷0(893.72−742.46)−0.004034𝐷0(3537.4−742.46)3330−742.46=0.040338D0由物质平衡得H3疏水流量:Dd3=Dd2+D3=0.209660D04)四号加热器(除氧器)四号加热器热平衡图如图3-6所示。第四段抽汽D4包括除氧器加热蒸汽D'4、汽动给水泵用汽Dlt和外供热用汽D供三部分组成。图3-6H4热平衡图Dfw'=Dfw(2-6)Dfw'=D4'+Df+Dd3+Dc4+Dl(2-7)由公式(2-6)和(2-7)得:D4'=Dfw'-Df-Dd3-Dc4-Dl(2-8)由除氧器热平衡得(以hw5为基准)[D4'(h4-hw5)+Dd3(hw3d-hw5)+Df(hf-hw5)+Dl(hl-hw5)]ηh=Dfw[hw4-hw5)](2-9)由公式(2-9)得:D4’=[Dfw(hw4-hw5)/ηh-Dd3(hw3d-hw5)-Df(hf-hw5)-Dl(hl-hw5)]/(h4-hw5)=1.061827𝐷0(717.48−565.1)−0.20966𝐷0(742.46−565.1)−0.01519𝐷0(2769.23−565.1)−0.01119(3034.9−565.1)3125−565.1=0.024587D0除氧器进水量:Dc4=Dfw'-D4'-Dd3-Df=0.81239D0小汽机排汽压力Plt=0.001Mpa+0.0118Mpa=0.0128Mpa,x=0.95,查h-s图得:hlt=2476kJ/kgDlt(h4-hlt)ηmpu=Dfw'Δhwpuη(2-10)由公式(2-10)得:Dlt=0.53049D0D4=D4'+Dlt+D供=0.77636Do+1000005)5号低压加热器5#低压加热器热平衡图如图3-7所示。图3-7H5热平衡图由H5热平衡计算5号加热器抽汽量D5(h5-hw5d)ηh=Dc4(hw5-hw6)(2-11)公式(2-11)得:D5=Dc4(hw5-hw6)/ηh(5-hw6d)=0.812390𝐷0(565.1−438.9)2928−461.81=0.041992D0由H5物质平衡得疏水量:Dd5=D5=0.041992D06)6号低压加热器6#低压加热器热平衡图如图3-8所示。图3-8H6热平衡图由H6热平衡计算6号加热器抽汽量[D6(h6-hw6d)+Dd5(hw5d-hw6d)]ηh=Dc4[hw6-hw7)](2-12)由公式(2-12)得:D6=[Dc4(hw6-hw7)/ηh-Dd5(hw5d-hw6d)]/(h6-hw6d)=0.81239𝐷0(438.9−366.53)−0.41992𝐷0(461.81−388.75)2755−388.75=0.023801D0由H6物质平衡点疏水量:Dd6=Dd5+Dd6=0.065792D07)7号低压加热器(H7),热平衡图如图3-9所示。图3-9H7热平衡图由H7热平衡计算7号低压加热器抽汽量[D7(h7-hw7d)+Dd6(hw6d-hw7d)]ηh=Dc4[hw7-hw8)](2-13)由公式(2-13)得:D7=[Dc4(hw7-hw8)/ηh-Dd6(hw6d-hw7d)]/(h7-hw7d)=0.81239𝐷0(366.53−246.09)−0.065792𝐷0(388.75−246.97)2658−246.97=0.037123D0由H7物质平衡得疏水量:Dd7=Dd6+D7=0.102915D08)8号低压加热器和凝

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