双语简易测还能活多久2种预测寿命的方法

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Thesimpleexerciseofsittingdownandstandingupagainwithoutholdingontoanything,couldsuggesthowlongyouhavetolive.只一个简单的徒手坐下、再站起来的动作就能预测出你的寿命。真的么?Thisisthebeliefofagroupofphysicians,whocameupwiththe‘sitting-risingtest’tomeasuretheirpatients’flexibilityandstrength.这是一群医生们提出的“坐-立测试”,他们用这种方法来测试病人身体的柔软度和强度。Theydevelopedascoringsystemforthetestandfoundthatpeoplewhoscoredthreepointsorlessoutof10,weremorethanfivetimesaslikelytodiewithinsixyears,asthosewhoscoredmorethaneightpoints.这个测试方法还有一套计分规则,测试的满分是10分。医生们发现那些得3分或更少的人,在六年内有可能死亡的几率是得分在8分以上的人五倍还多。ClaudioGilAraujo,ofGamaFilhoUniversityinRiodeJaneiro,Brazil,wasamongthedoctorswhooriginallydevelopedthesittingrisingtest(SRT)toquicklyassesstheflexibilityofathletes,buthenowusesittopersuadehispatientsthattheyneedtostayactivetomaintaintheirmuscleandbalance,andlivelonger,DiscoverMagazinereported.克罗迪奥·吉尔·阿劳霍来自巴西里约热内卢一所大学,他是“坐-立测试”的创始人之一。他们最初设计该方法是为了快速测试运动员的身体柔软度,但是现在他用这种方法来告诉他的病人,要坚持运动,这样能锻炼肌肉、维持身体平衡,还能延长寿命。Asweage,ourmusclestendtobecomeweakerandalossofbalancemeansweareincreasinglylikelytofall.随着人们年龄的不断增长,肌肉的力量逐渐减弱、平衡感降低,这都会增加摔倒的几率。DrAraujosaysthatanyonecantaketheSRTbecausenoequipmentisneeded.阿劳霍医生说“坐-立测试”不需要使用任何仪器,所以任何人可以随时随地进行。Inastudy,publishedintheEuropeanJournalofCardiology,theresearchersdescribedhow2002adultsagedbetween51and80tooktheSRTatClinimexExerciseMedicineClinicinRio.在一篇发表在《欧洲心脏病期刊》上的研究里,这些研究者们记录了2002名51岁-80岁的成年人在里约热内卢的Clinimex运动医学诊所内进行“坐-立测试”的过程。Theyfoundthatpatientswhoscoredfewerthaneightpointsoutof10onthetest,weretwiceaslikelytodiewithinthenextsixyears,comparedwithpeoplewithmoreperfectscores.他们发现那些测试得分低于8分的人在随后六年内死亡的概率是得分较高的人的两倍。Onepointwasdeductedeachtimeapersonusedtheirhandorkneeforsupporttoeithersitdownorstandup,whilehalfapointwasdeductedforlosingtheirbalance.根据积分规则,测试者坐下或站起来的时候,每使用手或膝盖支撑一次扣掉1分,每失去平衡一次扣掉0.5分。Theexpertsfoundthatpeoplewhoscoredthreepointsorfewer,weremorethanfivetimesaslikelytodiewithinthesameperiod.那些得3分或更少的患者在同样长时期内死去的概率是其他人的五倍还多。Theywroteinthestudy:‘Musculoskeletalfitness,asassessedbySRT,wasasignificantpredictorofmortalityin51–80-year-oldsubjects.’该研究称:“‘坐-立测试’所测试的骨骼肌系统的健康程度,是预测51岁-80岁的被试死亡率的一个显著指标。”Thestudyfoundthateverypointincreaseinthetest,waslinkedtoa21percentdecreaseinmortalityfromallcauses.该研究还发现,测试得分每增加1分,都意味着会减少21%的死亡率。However,charteredphysio-therapistSammyMargosaidthattheexercisemaybe'quiteambitious'forolderpeopleintheUK.但是英国的理疗医生萨米·马戈称这项测试对英国的老年人来说可能会相当困难。Thisispossiblybecauseofculturaldifferences,becauseBritonsarenotusedtoregularlysittingonthefloor,likeinsomeothercultures.Inthisway,itmaynotbeterriblyaccurateatpredictinglifeexpectancy.这可能是文化差异造成的,因为英国人日常生活中很少会像其他国家的人一样坐在地板上,所以用“坐-立测试”预测寿命可能就不准确了。UKphysiotherapiststendtopreferanothertest,wherepatientsstandupfromasittingpositionandseehowmanytimestheycanrepeattheactionin30seconds.英国的理疗医生们更倾向于另一种测试方法,即让病人们从自己坐着的地方站起来、然后坐下,记录30秒内能够重复这个动作的次数。'The30secondchairtestismoreappropriateandisusedasaprognostic,'shesaid.萨米说:“这个‘30秒椅子测试’更合理,而且常被作为一个预测方法。”'It'ssimplistic,quickandeasyandgivesagoodindicatorforfalls.'“它简单、快速、便捷,并且是预测摔倒的几率。”Thetestmeasureslegstrengthandendurance-whichareneededtomovearoundwithoutfalling-ratherthanflexibilityandagilityliketheSRT.该方法测试了腿部力量和忍耐力,这些因素而非“坐-立测试”的柔软度和灵活度,才是频繁走动而不容易摔倒所必须的。Healthypeopleagedbetween60and64areexpectedtostandandsitmorethan12timesforwomenand14timesformenin30seconds.Agoodscorefora90to94-year-oldissitingandstandingmorethanseventimesformanandfourtimesforwomen.“30秒椅子测试”对于60岁-64岁的健康人来说,30秒内女性重复次数应不少于12次,男性则不少于14次。而90岁-94岁的老人对应的次数是,男性不少于7次,女性不少于4次。WhileMsMargodidnotrecommendtheSRT,shesaiditdoes'addresseverything'intermsofaperson'sstrengthandflexibility.萨米认为“坐-立测试”只通过测量一个人的身体力量和柔软度而预测了整个生命长度,她并不推荐这个方法。精彩推荐:企业英语培训

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