化学链燃烧的能源环境系统研究进展

2008年第53卷第24期:2994~3005SCIENCEINCHINAPRESS,,,100190E-mail:[e-mail]2008-09-01,2008-11-10(:50520140517,50836005).CO2,,.,,.,.,,.CO221.CO2.,CO2:CO2,CO2,,(5%~15%).,,,,.,,,[1].,CO2,.,,1/3.,,CO2CO2.,,CO2[2].1994,IshidaCO2[3],,CO2.1995[4].1..(NiO),CO2,Ni.,Ni,.(MeO)(Me),,.:CxHy+(2x+y/2)MeO=xCO2+(y/2)H2O+(2x+y/2)Me,(1):(2x+y/2)Me+(x+y/4)O2=(2x+y/2)MeO.(2),CO2H2O,CO2.CO2H2O,2994(IPCC):100%[5].,,.CSIC.1992,10,2.21,,CO2,CO2.,,.2001FP5GRACE(()EN_PROJ.htm),FP6EnhancedCaptureofCO2(=FP6_PROJ&ACTION=D&DOC=1&CAT=PROJ&QUERY=011a5ceb860c:a0a2:0dc7873e&RCN=73993)ChemicalLoop-ingCombustionCO2-ReadyGasPower(=FP6_PROJ&ACTION=D&DOC=2&CAT=PROJ&QUERY=011a5ceb860c:a0a2:0dc7873e&RCN=78507)FP7.FP6,FP710kWth[6];50kWth;BIGCO2[7]100kWth3,(SINTEF)(NTNU).3100kWth29952008年12月第53卷第24期2006,10~15,4.200883615,CO2().5,,2003ALSTOM,.52003ALSTOM().CaS/CaSO4,H2,CO2,CO2CaO/CaCO34CO25,H2.CaO.,,Lyngfelt[8,9][10]CANMET(CETC)[11],.,,CO2.,,,.1,().,T1,,,.,.,.,,,,,,.6.A,[12].ACh,ATh().,.,..29966,(ACh2)(ACh1).,,ATh,(ACh2ATh)(ACh1ATh).,.,ACh1ACh2,,,,.,,.,,,ACh1ATh.CO2.[13],,.1.1η1.ΔEth1:th111EHηΔ=Δ,(3),ΔH1.ΔEth2,ΔEth2ΔH2η2,ΔEth3:EHHηηΔ=Δ−Δth33122,(4),ΔH3Ni,ΔH2;η2.,:ΔH3ΔH1+ΔH2,(4)(EHH)ηηηΔ=Δ+Δ−th311212,(5)(5)~(3):(EEEH)ηηΔ=Δ−Δ=Δ−thth3th1212.(6):η1η2,ΔEth0;η1η2,ΔEth0.ΔEth0,,,ΔH2(η1−η2).1.2,,ΔE1TEEXLEΔ=Δ+Δ111,(7)ΔEXL1,ΔET1.,NiONiTEEEXLEΔ+Δ=Δ+Δ1223,(8)TEEXLEΔ=Δ+Δ333,(9)ΔET2,ΔEXL2,ΔE3,ΔEXL3,ΔET3.(9)(8),TTEEEXLEXLEΔ+Δ=Δ+Δ+Δ12233.(10)[13],ΔEf=ΔG(1−η1)+ΔHfη1,ΔE1ΔE3(1)EGHηηΔ=Δ−+Δ11111,(11)(1)EGHηηΔ=Δ−+Δ33131,(12),ΔH1η1ΔH3η1ΔET1ΔET3,ΔH1η1ΔET1,ΔH3η1ΔET3.ΔG1ΔG3Ni.(11),(12)(7)(9),(1)GEXLηΔ−=Δ111,(13)(1)GEXLηΔ−=Δ313.(14)29972008年12月第53卷第24期,ΔEXL2=ΔG2(1−η2),ΔG2.,(10)(1)(1)TGHEGηηΔ−+Δ+Δ=Δ−1111222η(1).GHηη++Δ−Δ3131(15)ΔET2ΔH2η2,ΔET2=ΔH2η2,(15)()()(1)(1HGGG)ηηηΔ−=Δ−Δ−−Δ−21213122η.(16)[13],B=ΔG/ΔH(6),()(1)(1EHBBHB)ηηΔ=Δ−−−Δ−th1131222(1).HBη−Δ−231(17)(17)ΔEthB.,:B1ΔG1.B3ΔG3.B2ΔG2.(B1–B3),ΔH1(B1–B3)(1–η1),ΔH2B2(1–η2)ΔH2B3(1–η1)ΔH2.,ΔEth(B1–B3).,,,,,.,CO2.CO2,,,.22.1.NiCuFe.,Ni,,,[14,15][16][17]Ni,Ni,.Cu,,CuCH4.CuO.Cu,Cu,Cu,[18~20].Fe,Ni,[21,22].NiCuCoMn,,,CaSO4.CANMETCaSO4[11,23,24].,,,,.[25,26].,,,.Fe2O3/MgAl2O4,1/3,.,Ni,100,,.NiO,Fe2O3,CuO,CoO,MnO,Al2O3,SiO2,YSZ,ZrO2,MgO,TiO2,,NiO/NiAl2O4CoO-NiO/YSZ[15,27][28].Al2O3,NiO,NiAl2O4,2998,.NiAl2O41173K,,NiO/NiAl2O4.NiO/NiAl2O4(7),:NiO/NiAl2O4NiO/YSZ,,NiAl2O4YSZ,YSZ20%.,,,.,H2O/CH4,[15,29].,(CH4+H2O→CO+3H2)COH2,COH2,.NiO/NiAl2O4(8),,,200s,,,NiO/NiAl2O48NiO/YSZ—●—NiO/YSZ(CH4);—○—NiO/YSZ(H2O/CH4=2.0);--■--NiO/NiAl2O4(CH4);--□--NiO/NiAl2O4(H2O/CH4=2.0).,.[16].YZSNiOCoO,CoO-NiO/YSZ.,,.9510.10,,CoO-NiO/YSZ.,NiOCoONiCoO2.CoO-NiO/YSZ.,7NiO/NiAl2O4NiO/Al2O3NiO/YSZ9CoO-NiO/YSZ29992008年12月第53卷第24期,,,,.2.2,,,CO2,CO2..,2001,,.Lyngfelt[8,9],10.10:123.(),,().,2,.Lyngfelt,,.,Lyngfelt[30],2%,CO298%,,6%,CO2.Lyngfelt,.,CLC,.Lyngfelt,10kWth,Ni[31].Abad300WthCLCNiO/MgAl2O4,Mn3O4/Mg-ZrO2[32];CSICDiego[33]10kWth.,100kWth.,,10kWth[34],11.,,.,[34~36]:,CO282.5%~96%;,,CO260%~75%.,,CLC.,Gamwo[37],CLC.,CLC,.300011,,,,.,,,.3CO2,,CO2.,.,.,,,,,.,,,.3.1(IGCLSA)Ishida[38,39]CH4(H2O/CH4=2.0)(COH2),NiO:NiO,(CH4),,NiONiO,12.,,.,,,10,,,.12(a);(b).—○—H2,--□--CH4,—∆—CO,—▽—CO2,NiO/NiAl2O4,CH4=33%,H2O=67%,F=300mL/min,P=1kg·cm−2,T=973K;CO=40%,H2=20%,H2O=20%,Ar=10%,CO2=10%,NiO/NiAl2O4,F=500mL/min,P=1kg·cm−2,T=973K30012008年12月第53卷第24期.13(IGCLSA)[40].:.,H2CO,:H2+CO+2NiO→H2O+CO2+2Ni.,CO2H2O,NiNiO:Ni+0.5O2→NiO.,.IGCLSA,Ni,.:IG-CLSA51.3%,232.4kJ·mol−1·C,CO2IGCC,5~10,CO20.52kgCO2·kW−1·h−10.36kgCO2·kW−1·h-1.50$/CO2,300MWthIGCLSA,6000h,CO21008.30023.2,,CO2,,..:,(2500)(350),..,11.5.,[41],.-,14.NiO,H2O.Ni.N2H2O.H2/O2,.60%,WorldEnergyNetwork(WE-NET)12.3.3,,1314.,,,.,1000,(50%)..,,,,,,.,:CO2.,[42].15.Fe2O3:CH3OH+3Fe2O3→6FeO+2H2O+CO2.150,,.,,FeO.FeO,:4FeO+3O2→2Fe2O3.,,FeO,,15(GT1).35%,(15%),(30%).,.-.[43]:;,,,16.,.,,,.,,.,..,,[44],30032008年12月第53卷第24期16Fe2O31000500,,.,,,.421,,.,,,,,,.,.,CO2;;;,,.,,.,,...1金红光.温室气体控制一体化原理.21世纪100个交叉科学难题.北京:科学出版社,20052金红光,张希良,高林,等.控制CO2排放的能源科技战略综合研究.中国科学E辑:技术科学,2008,38(9):1495—15063IshidaM,JinHG.Anewadvancedpower-generationsystemusingchemical-loopingcombustion.Energy,1994,19(4):415—422[doi]4IshidaM,Yokohma,JinH.Chemicalloopingcombustionpowergenerationplantsystem.UnitedStatesPatent,1995,No.54470245MetzB,DavidsonO,ConinckH,etal.CarbonDioxideCaptureandStorage.SpecialReport,IntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange.Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress,20056LyngfeltA,KronbergerB,AdanezJ,etal.TheGRACEProject.Developmentofoxygencarrierparticlesforchemical-loopingcom-bustion.Designandoperationofa10kWchemical-loopingcombustor.In:7thInternationalConferenceonGreenhouseGasControlTechnologies.2004.Vancouver,Canada7TangenG.BIGCO2R&Dplatform:ClosingtheknowledgegapsoftheCO2chain.GreenhouseIssues,2008,90:20—2