列管式换热器设计说明书设计者:班级:姓名:学号:日期:指导教师设计成绩日期列管式换热器设计说明书2目录一、方案简介································································3二、方案设计································································41、确定设计方案·····························································42、确定物性数据·····························································43、计算总传热系数···························································44、计算传热面积·····························································55、工艺结构尺寸·····························································56、换热器核算·······························································7三、设计结果一览表··························································10四、对设计的评述····························································11五、附图(主体设备设计条件图)(详情参见图纸)·································六、参考文献································································12七、主要符号说明····························································12附图··········································································列管式换热器设计说明书3一、方案简介本设计任务是利用冷流体(水)给硝基苯降温。利用热传递过程中对流传热原则,制成换热器,以供生产需要。下图(图1)是工业生产中用到的列管式换热器.选择换热器时,要遵循经济,传热效果优,方便清洗,复合实际需要等原则。换热器分为几大类:夹套式换热器,沉浸式蛇管换热器,喷淋式换热器,套管式换热器,螺旋板式换热器,板翅式换热器,热管式换热器,列管式换热器等。不同的换热器适用于不同的场合。而列管式换热器在生产中被广泛利用。它的结构简单、坚固、制造较容易、处理能力大、适应性大、操作弹性较大。尤其在高压、高温和大型装置中使用更为普遍。所以首选列管式换热器作为设计基础。列管式换热器设计说明书4二、方案设计某厂在生产过程中,需将硝基苯液体从93℃冷却到50℃。处理能力为1×105吨/年。冷却介质采用自来水,入口温度27℃,出口温度37℃。要求换热器的管程和壳程的压降不大于10kPa。试设计能完成上述任务的列管式换热器。(每年按300天,每天24小时连续运行)1.确定设计方案(1)选择换热器的类型两流体温度变化情况:热流体进口温度93℃,出口温度50℃冷流体。冷流体进口温度27℃,出口温度37℃。从两流体温度来看,估计换热器的管壁温度和壳体壁温之差不会很大,因此初步确定选用固定管板式换热器。(2)流动空间及流速的确定由于硝基苯的粘度比水的大,因此冷却水走管程,硝基苯走壳程。另外,这样的选择可以使硝基苯通过壳体壁面向空气中散热,提高冷却效果。同时,在此选择逆流。选用ф25×2.5的碳钢管,管内流速取ui=0.5m/s。2、确定物性数据定性温度:可取流体进口温度的平均值。壳程硝基苯的定性温度为:℃=+=5.7125093T管程流体的定性温度为:℃=+=3223727t根据定性温度,分别查取壳程和管程流体的有关物性数据。硝基苯在71.5℃下的有关物性数据如下:密度ρo=1154kg/m3定压比热容cpo=1.558kJ/(kg·℃)导热系数λo=418.4×30.9×10-5=0.129W/(m·℃)粘度μo=0.000979Pa·s冷却水在32℃下的物性数据:密度ρi=994.3kg/m3定压比热容cpi=4.24kJ/(kg·℃)导热系数λi=0.618W/(m·℃)粘度μi=0.000818Pa·s3.计算总传热系数(1)热流量Wo=1×105×1000÷300÷24≈13889kg/hQo=WocpoΔto=13889×1.558×(93-50)=930479.7kJ/h=258.5kW列管式换热器设计说明书5(2)平均传热温差℃1.3727503793ln)2750()3793(ln't2121ttttm(3)冷却水用量hgQWO/k3.21945273724.4930479.7tcipii)((4)总传热系数K管程传热系数12115000818.03.9945.002.0pudiiiieR4.0iipi8.0iiiiiiicpudd023.0)()(4.038.0618.0000818.0104.241211502.0618.0023.0)(℃)(m/2.2618W壳程传热系数假设壳程的传热系数αo=290W/(m2·℃);污垢热阻Rsi=0.000344m2·℃/W,Rso=0.000172m2·℃/W管壁的导热系数λ=45W/(m·℃)osomoioiiio1dbddddd1++++RRK2901000712.00225.045025.00025.0020.0025.0000344.0020.02.2618025.01++++℃)(m/400W4、计算传热面积23m''24.191.37400105.285tmKQS考虑15%的面积裕度,S=1.15×S''=1.15×19.24=22.12m25、工艺结构尺寸列管式换热器设计说明书6(1)管径和管内流速及管长选用ф25×2.5传热管(碳钢),取管内流速ui=0.5m/s,选用管长为3m(2)管程数和传热管数依据传热管内径和流速确定单程传热管数根实943025.014.312.22ldosAN按单程管计算其流速为smW/21.049402.014.3)3.9943600/(3.219454nd3.9943600/u2s2ii)(按单管程设计,流速过小,宜采用多管程结构。则该换热器管程数为221.05.0uuipN(管程)传热管总根数N=94(根)(3)平均传热温差校正及壳程数平均传热温差校正系数43.2235627503793R41.0562337932750P按单壳程,双管程结构,温差校正系数应查有关图表。可得90.0t平均传热温差℃39.331.3790.0t'tmmt(4)传热管排列和分程方法采用组合排列法,即每程内均按正三角形排列,隔板两侧采用正方形排列。取管心距t=1.25d0,则t=1.25×25=31.25≈32(mm)横过管束中心线的管数根117.10941.1CN得到各程之间可排列11支管,即正六边形可排6层。则实际排管数设为102根,其中4根拉杆,则实际换热器为98根(5)壳体内径采用多管程结构,取管板利用率η=0.7,则壳体内径为mm4.3897.0983205.1t05.1ND列管式换热器设计说明书7圆整可取D=400mm(6)折流板采用弓形折流板,取弓形折流板圆缺高度为壳体内径的25%,则切去的圆缺高度为h=0.25×400=100mm,故可取h=100mm。取折流板间距B=0.5D,则B=0.3×400=200mm,可取B为200。折流板数NB=传热管长/折流板间距-1=3000/200-1=14(块)折流板圆缺面水平装配。(7)接管壳程流体进出口接管:取接管内硝基苯流速为u=1..0m/s,则接管内径为m065.00.114.311543600/138894u4d1)(V取标准管径为108mm×11mm。管程流体进出口接管:取接管内冷却水流速u=1.5m/s,则接管内径为m072.05.114.33.9943600/3.219454d2)(取ф76mm×6.5mm无缝钢管。6.换热器核算(1)热量核算①壳程对流传热系数对圆缺形折流板,可采用凯恩公式14.0w3/155.0oeored36.0)(PR当量直径,由正三角形排列得m020.0025.014.3)025.04032.023(4)423(42222ooeddtd壳程流通截面积m0175.0032.0025.014.02.0td1oo)()(BDS壳程流体流速及其雷诺数分别为4503000979.01154191.002.0e/m191.00175.011543600/13889uooRs)(普兰特准数8.11129.0000979.010558.1r3P列管式换热器设计说明书8粘度校正114.0w)(℃)(23/155.0om/6.86618.114.1063202.0129.036.0W②管程对流传热系数4.08.0iiired023.0PR管程流通截面积22im0148.02/9802.0785.0S管程流体流速6.10064000818.03.994414.002.0Res/m414.00148.03.9943600/3.21945uii)(普兰特准数℃)24.08.0i3/(3.24026.51.1089102.0618.0023.06.5618.0000818.01024.4rmWP③传热系数K℃)(++++++++2osomoioiiiom/5.3476.8661000712.00225.045025.00025.0020.0025.0000344.0020.03.2402025.011dbddddd1WRRK④传热面积S23m''201.375.347105.258tmKQS该换热器的实际传热面积Sp2opm2.22119806.03025.014.3ld)()(NS该换热器的面积裕度为%1120202.22%100''pSSSH列管式换热器设计说明书9传热面积裕度合适,该换热器能够完成生产任务。(2)换热器内流体的压力降①管程流动阻力∑ΔPi=(ΔP1+ΔP2)FtNsNpNs=1,Np=2,Ft=1.52u2udl222i1PP,由Re=10064.6,传热管相对粗糙度0.01/20=0.005,查莫狄图得λi=0.037W/m·℃,流速ui=0.414m/s,ρ=994.3kg/m3,所以ak10a5.218525.16.2559.472a6.2552414.03.9943a9.4722414.03.99402.03037.0i2221PPPPPPP<)(管程压力降在允许范围之内。②壳程压力降1,1'2'1oFtNsFtNsPPP)(流体流经管束的阻力PaPuNnfFuNnFfPoBcooBco1.10642191.01154)114(116114.05.0191.0,14,116114.06.1006455.02)1(2