化工原理课程设计列管式换热器设计

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太原工业学院化工原理课程设计硝基苯冷却器设计系:班级:姓名:学号:完成时间:2010年12月26日列管式换热器设计说明书2课程设计任务书设计一个换热器,将硝基苯液体从140℃冷却到80℃。硝基苯的流量为1×104kg/h。冷却水的入口温度为30℃,出口温度为40℃。要求设计的换热器的管程和壳程的压降不大于40kPa。设计要求(1)换热器工艺设计计算(2)换热器工艺流程图(3)换热器设备结构图(4)设计说明列管式换热器设计说明书3目录一、前言································································3二、方案设计································································41、确定设计方案·····························································42、确定物性数据·····························································43、计算总传热系数···························································44、计算传热面积·····························································55、工艺结构尺寸·····························································56、换热器核算·······························································7三、设计结果一览表··························································10四、对设计的评述····························································11五、附图(主体设备设计条件图)(详情参见图纸)·································六、参考文献································································12七、主要符号说明····························································12附图··········································································列管式换热器设计说明书4一、方案简介本设计任务是利用冷流体(水)给硝基苯降温。利用热传递过程中对流传热原则,制成换热器,以供生产需要。下图(图1)是工业生产中用到的列管式换热器.选择换热器时,要遵循经济,传热效果优,方便清洗,复合实际需要等原则。换热器分为几大类:夹套式换热器,沉浸式蛇管换热器,喷淋式换热器,套管式换热器,螺旋板式换热器,板翅式换热器,热管式换热器,列管式换热器等。不同的换热器适用于不同的场合。而列管式换热器在生产中被广泛利用。它的结构简单、坚固、制造较容易、处理能力大、适应性大、操作弹性较大。尤其在高压、高温和大型装置中使用更为普遍。所以首选列管式换热器作为设计基础。列管式换热器设计说明书5二、方案设计某厂在生产过程中,需将硝基苯液体从140℃冷却到80℃。硝基苯的流量为1×104kg/h。冷却水入口温度30℃,出口温度40℃。要求换热器的管程和壳程的压降不大于40kPa。试设计能完成上述任务的列管式换热器。1.确定设计方案(1)选择换热器的类型两流体温度变化情况:热流体进口温度140℃,出口温度80℃冷流体。冷流体进口温度30℃,出口温度40℃。从两流体温度来看,估计换热器的管壁温度和壳体壁温之差不会很大,因此初步确定选用固定管板式换热器。(2)流动空间及流速的确定由于硝基苯的粘度比水的大,因此冷却水走管程,硝基苯走壳程。另外,这样的选择可以使硝基苯通过壳体壁面向空气中散热,提高冷却效果。同时,在此选择逆流。选用ф19×2mm的碳钢管,管内流速取ui=0.94m/s。2、确定物性数据定性温度:可取流体进口温度的平均值。壳程硝基苯的定性温度为:℃==110280140T管程流体的定性温度为:℃=+=3524030t根据定性温度,分别查取壳程和管程流体的有关物性数据。硝基苯在110℃下的有关物性数据如下:密度ρo=1097.58kg/m3定压比热容cpo=1.78kJ/(kg·℃)导热系数λo=0.138W/(m·℃)粘度μo=0.00051Pa·s冷却水在35℃下的物性数据:密度ρi=994.3kg/m3定压比热容cpi=4.174kJ/(kg·℃)导热系数λi=0.6265W/(m·℃)粘度μi=0.000742Pa·s3.计算总传热系数(1)热流量Qo=Lcp1Δt1=10000×1780×(140-80)/3600=296700kW(2)冷却水用量qm2=Qo/cp2Δt2=296700/41740×10=25590kJ/h(3)平均传热温差列管式换热器设计说明书6℃4.172308040140ln304080140ln't2121ttttm(4)初算传热面积假设K=400W/m2.oC2m''8.21014.72400296700tmKQS5、工艺结构尺寸(1)管径和管内流速及管长选用ф19×2mm传热管(碳钢),取管内流速ui=0.94m/s(2)管程数和传热管数依据传热管内径和流速确定单程传热管数根实4394.0015.0015.03.994019.014.3425590ud4q2osN按单管程计算,所需传热管长度为L=S估/(3.14d0Ns)=10.28∕3.14×0.019×43=4.0072采用多管程结构,现取传热管长度L=2m,则该换热器的管程数为234lLpN(管程)传热管总根数N=86(根)(3)平均传热温差校正及壳程数平均传热温差校正系数61060304080140R111301403040P按单壳程,双管程结构,温差校正系数应查有关图表。可得平均传热温差℃5.7704.1729807.0t'tmmt(4)传热管排列和分程方法采用组合排列法,即每程内均按正三角形排列,隔板两侧采用正方形排列。取管心距t=1.25d0,则t=1.25×19=25(mm)隔板中心到离其最近一排管中心距离按式,计算Z=t÷2+6=18.5mm各程相邻管的管心距为37mm横过管束中心线的管数列管式换热器设计说明书7根117.10861.1CN(5)壳体内径采用多管程结构,取管板利用率η=0.7,则壳体内径为mm2917.0862505.1t05.1ND圆整可取D=325mm(6)折流板采用弓形折流板,取弓形折流板圆缺高度为壳体内径的25%,则切去的圆缺高度为h=0.25×325=81.25mm,故可取h=82mm。取折流板间距B=0.3D,则B=0.3×325=97.5mm,可取B为100。折流板数NB=传热管长/折流板间距-1=2000/100-1=19(块)折流板圆缺面水平装配。(7)接管壳程流体进出口接管:取接管内硝基苯流速为u=1..0m/s,则接管内径为m05678.00.114.38.510973600/100004u4d1)(V圆整后可取管内径为60mm管程流体进出口接管:取接管内冷却水流速u=2m/s,则接管内径为m0675.0214.33.9943600/255904d2)(圆整后可取管内径为70mm6.换热器核算(1)热量核算①壳程对流传热系数对圆缺形折流板,可采用凯恩公式14.0w3/155.0oeored36.0)(PR当量直径,由正三角形排列得m0173.0019.014.3)019.04025.023(4)423(42222ooeddtd壳程流通截面积m0078.025191325100td1oo)()(BDS壳程流体流速及其雷诺数分别为列管式换热器设计说明书81200000051.08.5109710173.0324.0e/m324.00078.08.510973600/10000uooRs)(普兰特准数p=6.449粘度校正114.0w)(℃)(23/155.0om/936149.46143000173.0138.036.0W②管程对流传热系数4.08.0iiired023.0PR管程流通截面积22im00759.02/86015.0785.0S管程流体流速18934000742.03.994942.0015.0Res/m942.000759.03.9943600/25590uii)(普兰特准数℃)24.08.0i3/(47956.9418934015.0624.0023.096.4624.0000742.010174.4rmWP③传热系数K℃)(++++++++2osomoioiiiom/5099361000176.001692.045019.0002.0015.0019.0000344.0015.04795019.011dbddddd1WRRK④传热面积S2m''0.184.172509296700tmKQS列管式换热器设计说明书9该换热器的实际传热面积Sp2op.3m10862019.014.3ldNS该换热器的面积裕度为267.110.8.310''SS传热面积裕度合适,该换热器能够完成生产任务。(2)换热器内流体的压力降①管程流动阻力∑ΔPi=(ΔP1+ΔP2)FtNsNpNs=1,Np=2,Ft=1.52u2udl222i1PP,由Re=18934,传热管相对粗糙度0.01/15=0.0067,查莫狄图得λi=0.0028W/m·℃,流速ui=0.942m/s,ρ=994.3kg/m3,所以ak40a.3k824.12.3147.61ak2.312942.03.9943ak47.612942.03.994015.02028.0i2221PPPPPPP<)(管程压力降在允许范围之内。②壳程压力降5.11,1'2'1oFtNsFtNsPPP)(流体流经管束的阻力PaPuNnfFuNnFfPoBcooBcok53.432324.08.51097)119(1155.0324.0,19,111200055.02)1(2'1228.02'1流体流过折流板缺口的阻力列管式换热器设计说明书10ak402.675.11177.1353.43ak77.132324.08.5197)3.0082.025.3(192)h25.3(3.0,082.0h2)h25.3(o22'22'2PPPuDNPmDmuDNPoBoB<)(总压力降壳程压力降也比较适宜。三、设计结果一览表换热器形式:固定管板式换热面积(m2):10.3工艺参数名称管程壳程物料名称冷却水硝基苯操作压力,Pa未知未知操作温度,℃30/40140/80流量,kg/h2559010000流体密度,kg/m3994.31097.58流速,m/s0.9420.324传热量,kW296.7总传热系数,W/m2·K509传热系数,W/(m2·℃)4795936污垢系数,m2·K/W0.0003440.00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